Oral Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma – An Enigmatic Entity and Its Journey across Six Decades.
Journal Title: International Journal of Medical Science and Innovative Research (IJMSIR) - Year 2017, Vol 2, Issue 5
Abstract
It all began way before the 1960’s, however on one fateful day in the year of 1961, Kauffman ST and Stout AP [1] changed the way the world looked at fibrous soft tissue tumours by being the first to report about fibrous histiocytoma and recognising it as a separate clinical entity. Benign fibrous histiocytoma depicts a group of quasi-neoplastic lesions that show both fibroblastic and histiocytic differentiation. However the precise origin and pathophysiology of the same remains largely undetermined [2]. Experts have hypothesized that the cells originate from tissue histiocytes with fibroblastic properties [3], while others have argued saying that immunohistochemical evidence shows factor XIIa positivity which is known to favour a dermal dendrocytic cell predilection [4]. In consequence of the controversies of origin, over the years, BFH has been designated several names hence, like sclerosing hemangioma, cutaneous hemangioma, fibroxanthoma and nodular subepidermal fibrosis [3]. BFH can be cutaneous and non-cutaneous in nature. Cutaneous BFH commonly originates in areas of skin exposed to sunlight. Non-cutaneous BFH account for approximately 1% of all benign FH lesions and occur most commonly in soft tissues in the lower extremities (50%), less frequently in the upper extremities (20%) and retroperitoneum (20%) [5]. Benign fibrous histiocytoma can also be categorised into superficial and deep forms. Deep benign fibrous histiocytoma is an extremely rare entity, comprising of less than 5% of all BFH tumours [6]. Fibrous histiocytoma as reported in literature can also present as malignant fibrous histiocytoma or benign fibrous histiocytoma involving soft tissue, hard tissue or occasionally both [1]. The incidence of BFH, however, in the oral cavity is rare. There are few cases across literature of evidence of presence of BFH in the buccal spaces, tongue, gingival or alveolar ridge, mandible, maxilla, lower and upper lip, soft palate and floor of the mouth. Rare occurrences also include nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, larynx, trachea, temporomandibular joint and submandibular and parotid glands [5, 7]. The aim of this study is to trace the incidence of BFH across literature, discuss the diagnostic techniques, current protocols in treatment and incidence of metastasis or recurrences if any.
Authors and Affiliations
Dr. Radhika Pethkar
Keywords
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