Pain sensitivity and cardiovascular reactivity to the experimental induced cold pressor pain during different phases of menstrual cycle in young Indian females
Journal Title: National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology - Year 2018, Vol 8, Issue 2
Abstract
Background: Many previous research studies have shown a higher prevalence of chronic pain conditions as well as more pain sensitivity or lesser pain thresholds (PTh) among women as compared to men. It might be related to the effect of female reproductive hormones, as these hormones produce its effect on various aspects of physiological systems. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to find the differences in the pain responses as well as cardiovascular reactivity during cold pressor test in different phases of menstrual cycle. Materials and Methods: Following physical parameters were measured in 75 apparently healthy young Indian females during the three phases of menstrual cycle and utilized for data analysis: Response to cold-induced experimental pain in the form of PTh, pain tolerance (PTo), pain rating on visual analogous scale, pulse reactivity (PRe), systolic blood pressure reactivity (SBPRe), and diastolic BPRe (DBPRe). Results: Mean PRe was significantly higher during luteal phase as compared to menstrual as well as follicular phase. Mean SBPRe and mean DBPRe were found to be significant higher during luteal phase as compared to the menstrual and follicular phase. Mean PTh and mean PTo were significantly higher during follicular phase as compared to menstrual as well as luteal phase. Conclusion: This is concluded from above findings that the pain responses vary across the menstrual cycle as shown by higher PTh and tolerance during follicular phase of menstrual cycle. The cardiovascular reactivity to cold pressor pain also varies. The hormonal fluctuation and the differences in the physiological responses, mainly autonomic nervous system reactivity due to these fluctuations, would be the underlying mechanism for these findings.
Authors and Affiliations
Rajani Bala Jasrotia, Arvind Kanchan, Jaman Mohan Harsoda, Rahul Saini, Mayank Agarwal
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP457213
- DOI 10.5455/njppp.2018.8.1248725122017
- Views 52
- Downloads 0
A study of chronopharmacological relevance of antihypertensive drugs at a tertiary care hospital - A prospective observational study
Background: Chronopharmacology is the science dealing with the optimization of drug effects and minimization of adverse effects by timing the medications in relation to the biological rhythm. Blood pressure (BP) in normo...
Dynamics of the content of free amino acids in blood of patients during the long-term use of orthopedic dental metal prostheses
Background: The effect of materials for dental prostheses on the patient’s body remains one of the most relevant issues in orthopedic dentistry. The dentist, more often the orthopedist, has to deal with diseases arising...
Adverse drug reactions: Two years' experience from a tertiary teaching hospital in Kerala
Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) have become a major clinical problem causing additional burden on the total cost of a patient’s treatment. Aims and Objectives: To determine the characteristics of ADRs reported...
Effectiveness of relaxation therapy on psychological variables among the elderly in old-age homes - A pilot study
Background: Aging is an inevitable developmental phenomenon even with best nutrition and health care. Consequently, changes occur in the physical, psychological, hormonal, and social realms besides others. The mental dis...
Clinical profile of chronic daily headache in patient attending tertiary centre
Background: The frequent headache syndrome is among the most challenging disorder that conforms clinician on a routine basis. A major problem with the relatively new form chronic daily headache (CDH) has been its confusi...