PARKINSONISM: A GENERAL MOTOR DISABILITY
Journal Title: International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJPSR) - Year 2019, Vol 10, Issue 6
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders in the population above 60 years of age. The movement abnormalities in PD are credited due to an imbalance between the acetylcholine and dopamine which results in uncontrolled movements. It is characterized using resting tremor, postural impairment, bradykinesia, and rigidity. The degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and accumulation of inclusions containing α-synuclein (termed “Lewy bodies”) throughout the nervous system are few of the most prominent features of PD. Still, there is no cure; we have several management options for the early treatment of PD. Several objective methods have been proposed for improving the diagnostic accuracy of PD, for enabling earlier diagnosis, to quantify the severity of disease and progress of treatment given. These methods include motor performance tests, olfaction tests, imaging techniques, and biochemical tests of blood and cerebrospinal fluid. None of the proposed methods is widely available or clinically used for PD. The validation of the objective methods takes time, and a large number of regulatory requirements need to be considered before a new instrument can be accepted as a clinical tool. It is probable that a combination of several methods will be needed for PD. The cardinal motor symptoms of PD only emerge after the degeneration of about 60-80% of the dopaminergic neurons; thus patients get diagnosed at a very late disease stage. As the disease progresses, the management of late-stage motor complications and non-motor symptoms remains particularly challenging and will benefit from further clinical research. To fully understand the etiology and mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of PD, valid model systems are needed.
Authors and Affiliations
Anant Srivastava et al.
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP580627
- DOI 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.10(6).2654-62
- Views 151
- Downloads 0
ACUTE, SUB-ACUTE AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF ARTHROPHYTUM SCOPARIUM AERIAL PARTS
This study aims to evaluate the in-vitro and in-vivo antioxidant activity of different extracts prepared from the aerial parts of Arthrophytum scoparium. Polyphenols flavonoids and tannins contents were determined. The a...
CELL VIABILITY AND CYTOTOXIC EFFECT OF ACANTHOPHORA SPICIFERA (RED SEAWEED) ON HT29 COLON CANCER CELL LINE
Acanthophora Spicifera is a species of marine red seaweed and in the family Rhodomelaceae. They were freshly collected from Mandapam Coastal Area, Rameswaram Tamil Nadu, India and rinsed in seawater and packed in aseptic...
FLAVONOIDS IMPACT ON PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF OBESITY AND RELATED METABOLIC RISK FACTORS
Metabolic syndrome, the most prevailing health concern worldwide, and their incidences are increasing at a very high rate, resulting in enormous social costs. Obesity is a measure risk factor for non-communicable disease...
ASSESSMENT OF REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY OF CONCOCTION OF ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA IN MALE WISTAR ALBINO RATS
Objective: To assess the reproductive toxicity of concoction of Andrographis paniculata in male Wistar albino rats. Methods: 18 male Wistar albino rats were divided into 3 groups with 6 animals in each group. Group 1 ser...
POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME AND ITS METABOLIC CONSEQUENCES: A MINI REVIEW
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a reproductive metabolic disorder affecting nearly 20% females, globally. Though Rotterdam consensus is widely used for assessment, it lacks definite diagnostic guidelines. Absence o...