Perfluoroalkyl Substances in the Circumpolar Arctic and Northern Populations
Journal Title: Advances in Clinical Toxicology - Year 2023, Vol 8, Issue 4
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants including perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are globally ubiquitous contaminants transported with sea currents and atmospheric movements, accumulating in the environment, food-chain, animals and humans and possess a potential health risk including the immune-, neurobehavioral-, and reproductive systems. The profile and concentrations found in humans elicit regional differences that might be related to the countries PFAS use, production, lifestyle, and diet. In the Arctic, the PFAS compounds were never produced or used, however, the Arctic Indigenous and northern populations consuming traditional diet including marine mammals at the top of the food-chain (e.g., whales, seals, polar bears) are particularly exposed to PFAS. This mini review gives a short overview on health effects in the circumpolar Arctic populations and aims to compare the PFAS levels in the Arctic with primary focus on the period 2010-20 and relate the levels with the general national country populations. As expected, regional concentration and profile differences were found over the circumpolar Arctic with the highest level found in Greenland. Moreover, in general the regulated PFAS (perfluorooctane sulfonate, perfluoro-octanoate, perfluorohexane sulfonate) tend to decrease and the unregulated PFAS (e.g., perfluorononanoic acid, perfluorodecanoic acid, perfluoroundecanoic acid) increases in concentration during this period. Generally, the PFAS levels were higher in men than women increasing with age. For most Arctic regions, the PFAS levels were higher compared to the general national country populations.
Authors and Affiliations
Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC*
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP752301
- DOI 10.23880/act-16000286
- Views 7
- Downloads 0
Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin (CDT) as a Biomarker to Assess Drinking in High-Risk Drink Drivers
The diagnostic value of biomarkers of alcohol consumption differs dependent upon the population under investigation. In this regard, clarification is needed in the choice of biomarker used to aid the medical assessor su...
Oxytocin: The Neurohormone
Oxytocin is a peptide hormone, which serves important functions in body including labor management and lactation. Indiction of milk ejection and easy delivery there are many other aspects of in vivo oxytocin functions....
Preclinical Pharmacology and Toxicology
It is imperative to have safety and efficacy evaluation completed for a test compound before proceeding to translate for clinical trials. Preclinical pharmacology and toxicological studies play an essential role for pro...
Determination of Potentially Toxic Metals in Over-the-Counter Pediatric Drugs and Commonly Consumed Beverages in Nigeria: A Health Concern
This study investigated the levels of Cd, Cu, Pb, Mn and Zn in over-the-counter (OTC) pediatric drugs and commonly consumed beverages in Nigeria. This was done to evaluate the possible health implications of these metal...
Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Surface Sediments of Hadhramout Coast, Yemen
Hadhramout is considered as the industrial and commercial center for fishing in Yemen. Accordingly, Yemen food security depends highly on maritime products of Hadhramout. Consequently, any severe contamination caused by...