PHENOTYPIC VARIABILITY OF THE YIELD AND STRUCTURE OF MID-EARLY POTATO CULTIVARS
Journal Title: Acta Scientiarum Polonorum – Agricultura - Year 2017, Vol 16, Issue 3
Abstract
Background. In order to properly direct the breeding work of cultivars of a given potato earliness group it is necessary to know the range of variability and relationships between their characteristics, both in a given year and between years. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the structure of the variability of the quantitative traits of mid-early potato cultivars, which would facilitate in selecting cultivars with the highest stability of the desired characteristics. Material and methods. The analysis was based on a strict field experiment carried out in the years 2010–2012 at the Experimental Station in Uhnin (Lublin Province), (51°34' N; 23°02' E), on lessive soil, slightly acidic. The experiment was performed in randomized blocks in three repetitions. Eighteen potato cultivars were studied, four very early cultivars and six early cultivars. Cultivation techniques were conducted in accordance with the principles of Good Agricultural Practice and conservation measures in line with the recommendations of the IOR-PIB. Organic fertilizers and minerals for potato were at the same level each year (20 Mg•ha-1 white mustard for ploughing, 90 kg N, 39.3 kg P, and 112.0 kg K•ha-1. Results. The dominant role in the variability of tuber yield and its structure was played by the interaction between the cultivar and the environment (3.2%–92.7%). Genotype accounted for 2.9%–27.9% of variance in the total variance of the studied characteristics, and the test conditions for 3.7%–73.9%. Interaction between the genotype and the environment was the most conducive to: total yield, commercial yield, yield of seed potatoes, and proportion of tuber mass of <4, 5–6 and >6 cm in diameter. It did not, however, significantly affect the number of shoots per plant. The most stable characteristic of the activity of the tested cultivars was mass proportion of commercial tubers, and the most variable one was their yield. Conclusion. Analysis of the main components identified five groups of cultivars with specific characteristics that can be used in decision-making in the breeding of new cultivars.
Authors and Affiliations
Piotr Pszczółkowski, Barbara Sawicka
Keywords
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