PRODUCTIVITY OF SELECTED VARIETIES OF MAIZE (Zea mays L.) IN ORGANIC AND INTEGRATED SYSTEMS
Journal Title: Acta Scientiarum Polonorum – Agricultura - Year 2017, Vol 16, Issue 3
Abstract
Background. In recent years there has been increased interest in the possibilities for maize cultivation in organic farms. The development of organic agriculture is a global trend. Growing maize through organic agriculture can increase its quality and the value added to agricultural products and allow for the recovery of traditional foods. The aim of the study was to evaluate the yields and yield characteristics of selected varieties of maize grown in the integrated and organic systems. Material and methods. A field experiment was conducted in the years 2011–2013 at the Agricultural Research Center Osiny, Poland, following a split-plot design, with four replications. The first factor was the system of production: organic and integrated while the second factor was maize (Zea mays L.) variety: Bosman, Opoka, Ułan and Vitras. The yield of green and dry matter of maize and the yield characteristics were determined. Results. The production system had a significant impact on the maize yield. In all years of the study significantly higher yields of green and dry matter were obtained in the integrated system as compared to the organic one. The Vitras variety was the most suitable for growing in the organic system and the least suitable was Bosman, while in the integrated system the Ułan variety had the best yield and Opoka the lowest. The maize grown in the integrated system was characterized by higher dry matter content in the whole plants and cobs, the plants formed a significantly higher number of kernels on the cobs and the cobs were characterized by a lower share of the corncob and cover leaves. The largest number of kernels per cob was recorded for the Vitras variety grown in the organic system and for Ułan that was grown in the integrated system. Conclusion. The study has shown that maize grown in the integrated system had a significantly higher yield than in the organic system. The average yield of green matter was higher by 31.4% and dry matter yield by 38.4% in the integrated system as compared to the organic system. The higher yield was caused by a higher content of dry matter in the whole maize plants and a higher number and proportion of kernels per cob. The Vitras variety turned out to be the most useful for cultivation in the organic system, while in the integrated system Ułan was the best variety.
Authors and Affiliations
Jerzy Księżak, Mariola Staniak, Jolanta Bojarszczuk
Keywords
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