Philosophical Discourse of M. Heidegger’s Animal World
Journal Title: Вісник Житомирського державного університету імені Івана Франка - Year 2018, Vol 84, Issue 1
Abstract
Philosophy of the second half of the twentieth century stated the urgency of rethinking the binomial man / animal to change the ambiguity towards the latter. Phenomenological experience of understanding it as the other contributed to the transformation of the problems of the animal world into a self-sufficient subject of philosophical reflection, which predetermined the emergence of an independent discipline on the present day. Ideas of Martin Heidegger are considered to be basic for the philosophy of the animal. His understanding of animal figure was based on the biological and zoological achievements of that time and in the horizons of understanding the ways of being in relation to the world. He captures the essence of the world through the following theses: "stone (material) without world" (weltlos)", "the poor animal in the world (weltarm)" and "man in the world of solutions (weltbildend)". The thesis for the existence of an animal involves some form of openness, which, however, never reveals the animal's world as being. Its ontological status is defined as openness (offen) without disclosure (offenbar). M. Heidegger denotes the inherent animal way of being as numbness Benommenheit, which is a condition of behaviour (sich benehmen), that is, the ability to behave in accordance with one's own being in a particular environment. However, "the poor animal in the world" does not in any way mean that its life is of less value. The difference between human being-in-the-world and animal being-in-the-world in M. Heidegger’s works receive a clear distinction between which the animal is constituted by the absence and lack of fragility of the world, while the human is imparted to such fundamental characteristics as speech, historicity, design, care and calculation. Taking into consideration the fact that some animals are able to carry certain components of the mode of being of Dasein, M. Heidegger emphasizes that the animals are not Dasein. Through the prism of the relationship between the living being and Dasein, there is an awareness that animalitas loses its usual features and becomes what is hardest to think, and humanitas is transformed into something intangible. Hence, the phenomenology of the animal world has produced more information about human being. Heidegger's animal discourse called for radical responsibility for all forms of life and highlighted the urgency of developing new ways of thinking and living with animals, which is now an open issue.
Authors and Affiliations
O. V. Chaplinska
Keywords
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