Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of baobab (Adansonia digitata) leaves and steam bark extracts on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
Journal Title: Journal of BioScience and Biotechnology - Year 2017, Vol 6, Issue 1
Abstract
The phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of methanolic and ethanolic leaf and stem bark extracts of baobab tree on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were carried out using agar well diffusion method. The clinical bacterial isolates of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were obtained from Microbiology laboratory, Kaduna State University, Kaduna. The bacteria isolates were re-confirmed and identified based on their morphology, cultural characteristics and biochemical tests. The bacteria isolates were confirmed to be Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of аlkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and terpenoids. The methanolic leaf extract showed a wide range of activity on test isolates, with varying zones of inhibitions as 12 mm, 10 mm, 7 mm, and 4 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and 13 mm, 9 mm, 7 mm, and 3 mm against Escherichia coli at concentration of 1000 mg/ml, 500 mg/ml, 200 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml respectively. The ethanolic leaf extract also showed a wide range of activity on test isolates with varying zones of inhibitions, such as 11 mm, 6 mm, 5 mm and 3 mm against S. aureus and 8 mm, 7 mm, 5 mm, and 4 mm against E. coli at the concentration of 1000 mg/ml, 500 mg/ml, 200 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml for each respectively. The methanolic stem bark extract showed less antibacterial activity against the test isolates with the inhibition of 5mm and 4 mm against S. aureus and 4 mm and 3 mm against E. coli at concentrations of 1000 mg/ml and 500 mg/ml respectively with no zones of inhibition at concentrations of 200 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml. The ethanolic stem bark extract also showed no antibacterial activity with no zones of inhibition against the test isolates at concentration of 1000 mg/ml, 500 mg/ml, 200 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml. The methanolic leaf extract inhibited the growth of S. aureus and E. coli at concentration of 100 mg/ml with minimum bactericidal concentration at 100 mg/ml. The ethanolic leaf extract inhibited the growth of S. aureus and E. coli at the concentration of 100 mg/ml with a minimum bactericidal concentration of 100 mg/ml. The relationship between the phytochemical profile/constituents and biological activity of the extracts at different concentrations on the test isolates could be as a result of the effects exhibited by the extract constituents/bioactive substances. This result showed that the ethanolic and methanolic leaf extract of Adansonia digitata contained bioactive substances that may likely be used against some pathogenic bacteria when medically used.
Authors and Affiliations
Mohammed Datsugwai, Ashiru Yusuf
Keywords
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