ПОЧАТКИ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ІНСТИТУТУ МІСЬКОГО САМОВРЯДУВАННЯ В ОДЕСІ НАПРИКІНЦІ XVIII – ПОЧАТКУ ХІХ СТОЛІТТЯ ТА ДОСВІД МАГДЕБУРЗЬКОГО ПРАВА
Journal Title: Південноукраїнський правничий часопис - Year 2018, Vol 3, Issue
Abstract
The aim of the Article is to review the early period of the city self-government in Odesa (1794–1801). This short period between foundation of the city and unification of its law with the laws of other cities of the Russian Empire still played an important role in the development of local self-government in Odesa, its trade and the phenomenon of Odesa in general. In these years the city self-government in Odesa may be called a unique experiment in Russia, as the rights under the Magdeburg law, which were traditionally enjoyed only by some cities, that had these rights since Middle Ages, were granted to a newly-founded city. In just a few years their mere existence contributed to turning a small military outpost on the border of the Russian Empire into a prospective commercial center. The foundation of two magistrates (for Ukrainians and Russians and for foreigners) enabled the citizens (in a city with a population of less than 5 000 and just about 150 persons enjoying electoral rights) to have own civil and commercial courts, commissions on commerce and to use the local taxes for the development of the city. However, the existence of two bodies of city self-government proved to be ineffective and after 1798 only Foreign magistrate kept operating. It has proven to be an effective body capable of bringing benefits to the entire city, including foundation of the first commercial bank and contribution to the construction of the port. Even though the Foreign magistrate was liquidated in 1801 and Odesa was placed into a regular line of subordination of the cities in the Russian Empire, the first experience of local self-government played an important role in its further development, including to operation of porto franco in Odesa after 1817. The article concludes that the first attempts of city self-government in Odesa continued the tradition of self-government under the Magdeburg law in the Ukrainian lands.
Authors and Affiliations
Р. В. Єрмаков
Keywords
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