Poisons – definition, types, mechanism of action
Journal Title: Postępy Nauk Medycznych - Year 2010, Vol 23, Issue 9
Abstract
Under the existing definition of today, the poison is a substance, exogenous or endogenous, which causes dysfunction of the body, or his death. The concept of poison often use interchangeably with the concept of xenobiotic, meaning a substance foreign to the body. In today's world there is a man surrounded by several million compounds with potentially toxic effect. These are the products of plant, animal, chemical, access to which is very wide and free. The widespread presence of poisons and their easy availability means that intoxication is a frequent clinical problem. Already in the sixteenth century, Paracelsus was formulated by the definition of poison Everything is poison and nothing is poison. Only the dose makes that a substance is not a poison” (Latin Dosis Venenum). According to this argument the father of toxicology, any substance can have harmful effects on the body, and decides the only dose of this substance. There is no substance completely indifferent to the human body, and therefore totally non-toxic. Today we know that in addition to dose, other factors may influence the toxicity of the substance. Those factors include: the way of absorption of toxic substances, frequency of use, duration of exposure, the extent of damage caused by poison. In this paper, the concept of different doses, the classification of toxic chemicals, the distribution of poisons, their metabolism in the body, excretion, toxydroms – clinical teams to help in the diagnosis and toxins poisoning and antidotes are described.
Authors and Affiliations
Agnieszka Nadlewska, Jerzy Ładny, Marzena Wojewódzka-Żelezniakowicz, Sławomir Czaban, Wanda Kosierkiewicz, Magdalena Łukasik-Głębocka, Maciej Naskręt, Jacek Górny
Keywords
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