Polityka Unii Europejskiej w zakresie świadczenia usługi roamingu regulowanego w telefonicznych sieciach ruchomych / The European Union’s Policy in the Field of Regulated Roaming in Mobile Telecommunication
Journal Title: Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne - Year 2017, Vol 0, Issue
Abstract
The additional cost of roaming is one of the last “borders” Europeans have to face when traveling across Europe. Because the existence of this extra fee hinders business and development of the Common Market, the European Union has been actively regulating this matter in order to reduce the prices. In accordance with the most recent Regulation 2015/2120, starting from June 15th 2017 mobile operators will not be allowed to charge any extra fees for roaming within the Union, save for the “fair use clause”. Apart from the obvious result of lowering the costs for clients, this type of interference has other consequences for the market of mobile telecommunications. The elimination of the extra profit earned on roaming makes international mergers less attractive for European operators. Previously, merged entities could benefit from additional income and, akin to vertically integrated companies, could avoid double marginalization, inefficient substitution and take advantage of better coordination. However, the European Union wanted to reduce the prices paid by customers while at the same time preserving regional, national operators and preventing biggest multinational companies from offering pan-European services. This policy has significantly reduced the revenue of European operators, which can have a negative impact on the introduction of new technology in electronic communication, thus slowing down development. The European Commission has to be aware of all the possible consequences of its policy in order to avoid the potential pitfalls that may occur in the future.
Authors and Affiliations
Krzysztof Krzystek
Zakres elastyczności stron stosunku pracy w kształtowaniu elementów treści umowy o pracę / Flexibility of the Parties Involved in an Employment Relationship in Setting Out Certain Elements of the Text of the Employment Contract
This study paper analyses the regulations applicable to the text of an employment contract. Consideration is given to the type of contract, contract conclusion date, work commencement date, nature of work, location of th...
Przedstawicielstwo załogi w organach nadzoru w Niemczech i Szwecji. Przegląd doświadczeń
The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of employee representation in the corporate governance bodies on the economic and social performance of companies in Germany and Sweden. These countries share well-esta...
Prawo pierwokupu przysługujące podmiotom publicznym – rozważania na gruncie Kodeksu cywilnego
This article determines whether there is justification for special treatment of a public entity on the basis of the pre-emptive regulation in Polish Civil Code. The author discusses the legal nature of this institution,...
Zakres i dynamika licencjonowania nowych rozwiązań technicznych w wybranych krajach europejskich / Scope and Dynamics of the Technology Licensing in Selected European Countries
The aim of this paper is to present the results of the licensing industrial property research as one of the forms of commercialization in the selected European countries. To achieve this purpose, the collection of patent...
Kontrakt małżeński w prawie islamu / Islamic Marriage Contract
The Islamic marriage contract is a very good example of how the norms of Sharia may be used everyday life. Its roots trace back to the birth of Islam, thus underlining the unchanging aspect of the Islamic law, which Musl...