Поширення та ріст модрини європейської в умовах Кременецького горбогір’я [European larch expansion and growth in conditions of Kremenetsk hilly region]
Journal Title: Наукові праці Лісівничої академії наук України - Year 2016, Vol 14, Issue
Abstract
On the area of Kremenets hilly region favorable microclimate and soil-hydrological conditions were formed for growth and development of European larch. In this region about 2 thousand hectares of plantations with part of larch in different types of forest conditions were created. Mainly larch grows in reach hornbeam oak forests (80,7%) and less in relatively rich hornbeam-oak forests (10,6%). Sometimes it can be found also in stands of wet hornbeam-oak stands and damp oak hornbeam forests, fresh oak pine forests and even in a small area (0,1%) in fresh boreal forests. By age structure, middle-aged stands (44,2%) and young stands (31.6%) are dominating. Ripen and mature larch stands are presented on the area approximately 2,7-3,9%. While more than a hundred years old larch is spread on the area of 17%. In about 79% of the larch stands composed by single trees or it’s share does not exceed 10-30%. Forests which consist of only larch, occupy 4,5 % of the area in Kremenetsk hilly region. In the fresh pine forests and pine forests have competitive properties Scots pine is not inferior to European larch. In conditions of fresh pine forest 25 years old larch reaches a height of 7,9 m and a diameter of 7,4 cm. Average height of pine trees in this stand was 6.0 m and diameter of 6.1 cm. In conditions of fresh oak-pine forests in 29 years old stand the average height of larch is determined 17,8 m and diameter – 13,9 cm. For Scots pine, these figures were respectively 18,0 m and 15,4 cm. When the density was 1793 trees per 1 hectare stock of stem wood reached 274 m3 / ha. In pure 14-years old larch stand with a small admixture maples – Acer platanoides and Acer negundo, white acacia and aspen in conditions of fresh oak pine forests the height of larch is 10,1 m and a diameter of 6,8 cm. When the density of trees reaches 4950 per 1 ha, the active loss of individual larch trees is started, which is about 20% of the total amount. At fresh and moist, relatively rich soil conditions European larch is forming complex stands involving oak, ash green, maple, small-leaved linden, elm naked, hornbeam, birch and other. At the same soil conditions, larch significantly dominates under other tree species and forms the upper tier of stands. In the 43-56-years old larch stands with 6-7 units of larch it reaches a height of 29-30 m and a diameter of 31-50 cm and inhibits the growth of oak, maple and ash. Among them, only green ash had an average height of 26,9 m and a diameter of 24,4 cm. Backlog of oak seems to be higher and by altitude was 34-51% and by diameter -52-64%. The proportion of ash and oak in these stands did not exceed three units. At rich soil conditions is pointless to create forest plantations involving larch and spruce. In the 12 years old plantation of fresh oak hornbeam forests, the average height of larch trees is 8,3 m and spruce is about 3.6 m. In the 60 years old stands the average height and diameter of larch 27,8 m and 33,8 cm, while these parameters in spruce were 20,6 m and 22,7 cm. respectively. Sanitary state of spruce in this stand gets worse and observed an intensive dying. In oak hornbeam forest the rival for European larch can be only green ash and red oak. In hornbeam forest with a share of larch 10,5 units at age of 46-109 years are forming highly productive phytocenosis with stock of wood 400-700 m3 / ha.
Authors and Affiliations
Volodymyr Zaika, Еlhan Кerimov, Roman Іvanytskii
Keywords
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