Preemptive Analgesic Efficacy of Tramadol, Butorphanol, and Flurbiprofen in Lumpectomy: A Randomized, Controlled and Double-blind Trial
Journal Title: Science Insights - Year 2015, Vol 11, Issue 2
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preemptive medication prior surgical procedures has been proposed of the promising manner in controlling pain effectively, whereas different drugs given in this way produced varying effects in different contexts. We herein hypothesized that preoperative bolus injection of analgesics functioning through various mechanisms produced contrasting analgesic efficiency in patients undergoing lumpectomy. METHODS After approval by the Institutional Ethical Committee, a total of 1,500 patients undergoing lumpectomy were screened and 1,336 were randomized into one of the four groups: saline, tramadol 100 mg, butorphanol 2 mg, and flurbiprofen 100 mg. All drugs were administered 15 min prior operation in 10 ml. Visual analog scale of pain at rest and during movement were rated, and analgesic indexes were calculated as the primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes include complementary morphine consumption, side effects, and overall satisfaction. RESULTS Patients in the group of flurbiprofen experienced less intensity of pain at rest than the other three groups (P < 0.01), and also displayed a higher stationary analgesic index (P < 0.05). Besides, the pain scorings in both groups of tramadol and butorphanol showed effective analgesia began from the sixth hour after the surgery compared to the saline-delivered patients (P < 0.05). Correspondingly, patients treated with flurbiprofen reported less side effects than both tramadol and butorphanol, in which a lower satisfactory ratings were presented than the flurbiprofen-treated ones. CONCLUSION Flurbiprofen has superior analgesic effect over tramadol and butorphanol in lumpectomy suggesting that conquering peripheral inflammatory responses evoked by surgical lesion is much more effective in controlling the pain than those drugs functioning through the CNS-associated mechanisms.
Authors and Affiliations
Study Group The BSAE
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- EP ID EP689581
- DOI 10.15354/si.14.ar006
- Views 180
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