Preliminary Efficacy Assessment of Some Selected Indigenous Plant Species of Adamawa State, Nigeria on Salmonella typhi
Journal Title: Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International - Year 2017, Vol 20, Issue 4
Abstract
Aims: To screened for phytochemicals and determine the in-vitro efficacy of the plants extracts on Salmonella typhi. Study Design: Phytochemicals and in-vitro efficacy assessment of seven medicinal plants in comparison to the standard antibiotics. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Biological Science Technology, Federal Polytechnic Mubi, Adamawa State, between October to December, 2017. Methodology: isolation and identification of the test organism; preparation of plants extracts; phytochemical analyses of the plants parts on aqueous extracts; in vitro susceptibility test (agar well diffusion assay), Results: Of the thirteen (13) phytochemicals screened from seven (7) medicinal plants, none of the plants possessed all the bioactive components. However, the least possessing six (6) phytochemicals (Acacia sp) while the highest possessed nine components (Moringa oleifera and Carica papaya). Tannins and steroids were present in all the plant leaves while free anthraquinones were lacking in those leaves. The efficacy of the medicinal plants on the test organism was carried out by agar well diffusion method. At 50 mg/ml concentration, aqueous extracts of the plants leaves showed no inhibitory effect on S. typhi. However, at 100 mg/ml concentration, growth of S. typhi was inhibited variably with the highest zone (14 mm) produced by M. oleifera and Psidium guajava extracts. For acetone extracts, variable zones of inhibition were produced by the leaves of all the plants at both 50 and 100 mg/ml concentration with the highest zone (25 mm) produced by C. papaya at 100 mg/ml. Statistically, the zones of inhibition produced by acetone extracts at 100 mg/ml concentration was significantly higher than those produced by acetone extracts at 50 mg/ml (p=0.000) and aqueous extracts at 100 mg/ml (p=0.009). However, there was no statistical difference between zones of inhibition produced by aqueous extracts at 100 mg/ml and acetone extracts at 50 mg/ml on S. typhi (p=0.197). The result further showed that S. typhi was highly susceptible to ciprofloxacin at both 50 and 100 mg/ml with a zone of inhibition greater than those of the aqueous and acetone extracts. Synergy among the seven plants leaves was higher at 100 mg/ml concentration for both aqueous and acetone extracts. However, the acetone extracts of the combined plants leaves produced highest zones of inhibition on S. typhi than combined aqueous extracts at both concentrations. Interestingly, the synergy of the aqueous plants extracts at 50 mg/ml produced a relative antibacterial effect on S. typhi (10 mm) when compared to the individual plants which demonstrated the non-inhibitory effect. Conclusion: These results upheld the traditional ideology of using these plants singly or combine in the management of typhoid fever.
Authors and Affiliations
M. Awi, M. Y. Tula, L. T. Terry
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP313084
- DOI 10.9734/JPRI/2017/38653
- Views 115
- Downloads 0
Anti-Cancerous Efficacy of Alcoholic and Aqueous Extracts from an Endemic Plant Thermopsis turcica on Liver Carcinoma
Aims: Thermopsis turcica (T. turcica) is endemic to Turkey. Its general medicinal properties are obvious, but no investigations have been made in term of its anticancerous efficacy against liver carcinoma. So, the presen...
Fed Bioequivalence Studies for Immediate Release Drug Products: Beneficial or Wastage?
Aims: The present study was undertaken to understand the need of fed bioequivalence studies for immediate release pharmaceutical products and thereby evaluating the relative appropriateness of guidelines given by the Eur...
Development and Validation of HPLC Method for Analysis of Impurities of Fosfluconazole in Pharmaceutical Products
The contents of three related substances in fosfluconazole were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The limit of detection (LOD) of the impurity A (2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,3-bis (1H-1,2,4-triazo...
Study on the Chemical Constituents and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Essential Oil of Petiveria alliacea L.
Aims: To study and report the chemical constituents and anti-inflammatory activity of essential oil of Petiveria alliacea L (Phytolaccaceae) from Nigeria. Study Design: The study involves the distillation of essential oi...
Mucoadhesive Potentials of a Natural Polymer Obtained from the Seeds of Dioclea reflexa in Aminophylline Tablet Formulations
Aim: The mucoadhesive potentials of a natural gummy polysaccharide obtained from the seeds of Dioclea reflexa Hook F., (Fam.: Papilionaceae) (DR) was evaluated under varying pH conditions using aminophylline tablet formu...