Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy and Correlation with Systemic Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Journal Title: Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences - Year 2015, Vol 3, Issue 7
Abstract
The objective of the study is to assess the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and determine the correlation of incidence and severity of retinopathy with systemic risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus. 500 subjects of both sexes, with the mean age of 55± 8years, with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in the study. Patients were screened for presence of associated risk factors including duration and control of hyperglycemic status, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, HbA1C, nephropathy, neuropathy and anemia. Ophthalmoscopic examination was performed after pupillary dilatation and staging of diabetic retinopathy is done. 334 out of 500 patients (66.8%) had diabetic retinopathy and the prevalence was higher in elderly above 60 years and those with severe grades of systemic risk factors. Amongst the 1000 eyes studied, 573 were classified as non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and 33 as proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Prevalence of mild non-proliferative, moderate non-proliferative, severe non-proliferative, very severe non-proliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy were 14%, 41.8%, 30.3%, 8.2% and 5.4% respectively. A significant association was observed between the duration of diabetes and the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy. Prevalence of anemia, nephropathy, hyperlipidemia and peripheral neuropathy in patients with retinopathy was 42.5%, 12.2%, 75.4% and 9.3% respectively. Diabetic retinopathy and systemic complications run parallel in most patients. Prevalence and severity of diabetic retinopathy was more in patients with longer duration of diabetes and with more systemic complications. Hyperlipidemia is a major marker for retinopathy and these patients need ophthalmic evaluation at the earliest. Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, hyperlipidemia, neuropathy, hypertension, systemic complications.
Authors and Affiliations
D. Baba, V. Muthu krishnan, Sandeep Bhaskaran, Pranav S Kumar, R. Poovitha
Keywords
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