Prevalence Study on Heart Diseases among Antenatal Mothers
Journal Title: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC STUDY - Year 2017, Vol 5, Issue 5
Abstract
Introduction: Heart diseases complicating pregnancy accounts for about 0.2-4% of pregnant women. The spectrum of cardiac disease in pregnancy is changing and differs between countries. In the Western world, congenital heart disease is the most frequent cardiovascular disease present during pregnancy (75-82%), with shunt lesions predominating (20-65%). Rheumatic valvular disease is most predominant heart disease in non-western countries like India, comprising 56-89% of all cardiovascular diseases in pregnancy. Cardiomyopathies are rare. Aim: The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of heart diseases among antenatal mother and to improve the outcome of pregnancy by early intervention. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted among 1000 antenatal mothers attending outpatient department in the Department of Cardiology at Madras Medical College between January and March 2015. Informed consent was obtained from each patient. The patients were screened in non-randomized fashion and were evaluated by echocardiographic examination (using PHILIPS machine HD 7X [model2011]). Results: Out of 1000 cases screened, 557 were primigravida, 405 were second gravida, and 38 were third gravida. Among 47 cases of abnormal heart conditions, 26 (55%) were congenital heart disease, and 19 (41%) cases were rheumatic heart disease. There was no statistically significant correlation between age and type of heart disease. Mitral stenosis tops the list of heart diseases in this study followed by atrial septal defect (ASD). Cardiomyopathy (CMY) and coronary artery disease (CAD) were rare. Conclusion: The prevalence of heart disease among pregnant population was 4.7%. The prevalence of congenital heart disease was 2.6%. ASD (ostium secundum type) was the most common heart disease among congenital heart diseases - 30%. Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease was 1.9%. Mitral stenosis was the most common among rheumatic heart diseases - 73%. Prevalence data were significantly different from western and non-western data. CMY and CADs were rare 0.01%.
Authors and Affiliations
G Selvarani, G S Sivakumar, N Swaminathan, G Justin Paul, R Ramesh, T R Hemanath, S Sathish Kumar
Keywords
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