PTAKI WODNO-BŁOTNE WISŁY PONIŻEJ WARSZAWY W REJONIE ŁOMIANEK W RÓŻNYCH OKRESACH FENOLOGICZNYCH W LATACH 1980-1981 I 2008-2009
Journal Title: KULON - Year 2016, Vol 21, Issue
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the numbers and species composition of water-bird assemblages observed on a 7-kilometer section of the Vistula River below Warsaw (Łomianki commune, 52°22’N, 20°53’E) during 1980-1981 and 2008-2009. Counts were carried out on an annual basis in 5 distinct phonological periods: winter (25 December – 14 February), early spring (15 February – 30 April), late spring (1 May – 30 June), summer (1 July – 30 September) and autumn (1 October – 24 December). A total of 105 counts were performed, of which 65 were performed in the period 1980-1981 (with a frequency of 1-5 times per month) and 40 in the period 2008-2009 (frequency of 2 times a month). The study included birds occurring in the river bed or passing along the river. Changes in the annual cycle of densities of the whole assemblage and of the individual species of water-birds were similar in the first and second period of the study. Total densities of bird assemblages in the corresponding phenological periods of both study periods were similar. In 2008-2009, all phenological periods were characterized by a greater species richness and greater overall species diversity of water-bird assemblages compared to the period 1980-1981. Overall, densities of 22 species were higher in the second period than in the first period. These were the following species: Mute Swan Cygnus olor, Whooper Swan C. cygnus, Graylag Goose Anser anser, Bean Goose A. fabalis, Gadwall Anas strepera, Teal A. crecca, Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula, Pochard A. ferina, Goldeneye Bucephala clangula, Goosander Mergus merganser, Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo, Little Egret Egretta garzetta, Great Egret Ardea alba, Grey Heron A. cinerea, Black Stork Ciconia nigra, White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla, Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus, Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos, Mediterranean Gull Larus melanocephalus, gulls from the Herring Gull complex L. argentatus sensu lato, Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybridus and White-winged Terns C. leucopterus. In most of the above species, the observed differences in numbers between the two study periods could be explained by the growing trends of national populations of these species, often accompanied by expansion of the species ranges. For 5 species the densities were lower in the second than in the first study period. In the case of Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus and Coot Fulica atra the difference in densities can be explained by decreasing trends of their national populations. However, the lower densities of Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus, Common Gull Larus canus and Great Black-backed Gull L. marinus in the second study period could be the result of the elimination of a large municipal waste landfill located in the vicinity of the study area. Substantial increases in the number of Cormorant and gulls from the Herring Gull complex, and declines in Black-headed Gull and Common Gull affected to some degree the structure of the water-bird assemblages, especially during the late spring and summer phonological periods.
Authors and Affiliations
Piotr Matyjasiak, Mateusz Okołowski, Jan Pinowski
Keywords
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