Puberty Induced Gingival Enlargement
Journal Title: Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research (BJSTR) - Year 2017, Vol 1, Issue 1
Abstract
Gingival hyperplasia is an atypical increase in the number of healthy cells in normal arrangement in a tissue. Gingival hyperplasia can be the result of unusual tissue response to the inflammation caused by local irritants, such as plaque and calculus; systemic disturbances, such as hormonal changes; or medications specifically cyclosporine, nifedipine and phenytoin. The homeostasis of the periodontium involves complex multifactorial relationships, in which the endocrine system plays an important role [1]. Hormones are specific regulatory molecules that modulate function reproduction, growth and development and the maintenance of internal environments as well as energy production, utilization and storage [1]. As well as being the regulators of reproductive functions, sex steroid hormones have potent effects on the nervous and cardiovascular system, and on major determinants of the development and integrity of the skeleton and oral cavity including periodontal tissues [2]. Under the broad category of dental plaque induced gingival diseases that are modified by systemic factors, those associated with the endocrine system are classified as puberty, menstrual cycle and pregnancy associated gingivitis [3]. Researchers have shown that changes in periodontal conditions may be associated with variations in sex hormones [4]. Enlargement of the gingival can sometimes occur during puberty. It occurs in both male and female adolescents and appears in areas of plaque accumulation. The size of the gingival enlargement greatly exceeds that usually seen in association with comparable local factors. It is marginal and interdentally and is characterized by prominent bulbous interproximal papilla. Often, only the facial gingival are involved and the lingual surfaces are relatively unaltered, the mechanical action of the tongue and the excursion of food present a heavy accumulation of local irritants on the lingual surface. Puberty marks the initiation of changes from maturation into adulthood [5]. It is associated with a major increase in the secretions of the sex steroid hormones: testosterone in males and estradiol in females. Several cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have demonstrated an increase in gingival inflammation without accompanying an increase in plaque levels during puberty. Increased gingival inflammation was positively correlated with an increase in serum estradiol and progesterone, and was not accompanied by a significant change in the mean plaque index [1].
Authors and Affiliations
Siddharth Tevatia
Keywords
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- EP ID EP567197
- DOI 10.26717/BJSTR.2017.01.000126
- Views 206
- Downloads 0
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