Radiation-induced Non-targeted Effect and Carcinogenesis; Implications in Clinical Radiotherapy
Journal Title: Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering - Year 2018, Vol 8, Issue 4
Abstract
Bystander or non-targeted effect is known to be an interesting phenomenon in radiobiology. The genetic consequences of bystander effect on non-irradiated cells have shown that this phenomenon can be considered as one of the most important factors involved in secondary cancer after exposure to ionizing radiation. Every year, millions of people around the world undergo radiotherapy in order to cure different types of cancers. The most crucial aim of radiotherapy is to improve treatment efficiency by reducing early and late effects of exposure to clinical doses of radiation. Secondary cancer induction resulted from exposure to high doses of radiation during treatment can reduce the effectiveness of this modality for cancer treatment. The perception of carcinogenesis risk of bystander effects and factors involved in this phenomenon might help reduce secondary cancer incidence years after radiotherapy. Different modalities such as radiation LET, dose and dose rate, fractionation, types of tissue, gender of patients, etc. may be involved in carcinogenesis risk of bystander effects. Therefore, selecting an appropriate treatment modality may improve cost-effectiveness of radiation therapy as well as the quality of life in survived patients. In this review, we first focus on the carcinogenesis evidence of non-targeted effects in radiotherapy and then review physical and biological factors that may influence the risk of secondary cancer induced by this phenomenon.
Authors and Affiliations
R. Yahyapour, A. Salajegheh, P. Amini, M. Najafi
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP457977
- DOI -
- Views 77
- Downloads 0
Investigating the Effect of Air Cavities of Sinuses on the Radiotherapy Dose Distribution Using Monte Carlo Method
Background: Considering that some vital organs exist in the head and neck region, the treatment of tumors in this area is a crucial task. The existence of air cavities, namely sinuses, disrupt the radiotherapy dose distr...
Expression Levels of Two DNA Repair-related Genes under 8 Gy Ionizing Radiation and 100 Mg/Kg Melatonin Delivery In Rat Peripheral Blood
Background: After radiation therapy (RT), some health hazards including DNA damages may occur where melatonin can play a protective role due to free radical generation. On the other hand, serious accidental overexposures...
Investigating the Impact of Knee Prosthesis in Patients’ Body on Radiation Dose Distribution: A Monte Carlo Approach
Background: Metal prostheses in patients affect the radiotherapy dose distribution. Metal prostheses with high density and atomic number cause major changes in scattering and attenuation of radiation. The present study a...
Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Assessment of Gold-coated Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
Introduction: One class of magnetic nanoparticles is magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONs) which has been widely offered due to of their many advantages. Owing to the extensive application of MIONs in biomedicine, be...
Brain Volume Estimation Enhancement by Morphological Image Processing Tools
Background: Volume estimation of brain is important for many neurological applications. It is necessary in measuring brain growth and changes in brain in normal/abnormal patients. Thus, accurate brain volume measurement...