Resistance, Minimum Inhibitory and Bactericidal Concentration Profiles of Oral Bacteria from HIV/AIDS Patients in South Western Uganda
Journal Title: Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research - Year 2016, Vol 18, Issue 11
Abstract
Background: The development of drug resistance is a major challenge in the management of microbial infections especially in immune-compromised (HIV/AIDS) patients. Objective: This was to assess levels of antibacterial resistance; minimum inhibitory and bactericidal profiles of oral bacteria isolated from HIV/ AIDS patients in South Western Uganda and compare their levels with those of the reference organisms (control). Methods: Bacterial isolates were grown on Mueller Hinton Agar, and biochemical tests were conducted using conventional and analytical profile index 20 sugar panel methods to identify strains. Antibiograms using modified Kirby-Bauer tube dilution and agar well diffusion methods were performed on purified isolates using antibiotic discs for resistance analysis and E-test strips for MIC and MBC analysis. Data were analysed using ANOVA with p< 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: All the tested bacteria except Salmonella pullorum and non haemolytic streptococcus showed 50 to 100% resistance to cotrimoxazole and erythromycin demonstrating resistance development in HIV/AIDS patients in rural communities of Uganda against commonly used antibacterials for management of opportunistic infections. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were both ˃60% resistant to cotrimoxazole. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus were absolutely resistant (100%) to all the antibacterial agents used in this study. MIC and MBC levels for S. aureus when compared with S. aureus ATCC 25293 were highly related showing the level of ineffectiveness of the tested drugs (p=0.235>0.05 (MIC) and p=0.409>0.05 (MBC). High MIC and MBC levels of cotrimoxazole against Pseudomonas aeruginosa were followed by those of Staphylococcus aureus, perhaps associated with neutropenia and granulocyte dysfunction in human infections, necessitating appropriate dosage adjustments. Gentamycin and ceftriaxone had high MIC and MBC levels against E. coli respectively. Further analysis showed significance in ciprofloxacin against all the bacteria in its low MICs. Conclusion: Bacterial resistance and poor drug efficacy in HIV/AIDS patients in rural communities are a major challenge in Uganda.
Authors and Affiliations
Joseph Obiezu Chukwujekwu Ezeonwumelu, Muhammad Ntale, Keneth Iceland Kasozi, Steve Okwudili Ogbonnia, Julius Kihdze Tanayen, Ezera Agwu, Chukwudi Onyeka Okonkwo, Ambrose Amamchukwu Akunne, Frederick Byarugaba
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP340874
- DOI 10.9734/BJMMR/2016/28491
- Views 73
- Downloads 0
Thymectomy in Children with Juvenile Myasthenia Gravis: Is It Recommended?
Objective: Juvenile myasthenia gravis (JMG) is a rare disease with possible severe forms. Thymectomy is supported by many authors particularly in generalised forms with positive AcetylCholine Receptor Antibody (AChR- Ab)...
Screening of Random Blood Sugar in Women: A Critical View
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in which glucose is underused, producing hyperglycemia. 250 million people currently have diabetes, by 2025 this number will reach 280 millio...
Correlation between Muscle Tone and Motor Delay and Biochemical Levels of Carbohydrates in Urine
Aims: To establish a possible correlation between children’s clinical status and carbohydrates in their urine samples as they could be a useful additional tool for objective assessment of muscle tone and motor developmen...
Comparison of Psychological Factors in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) are two common diseases of lower gastrointestinal symptoms and discomfort. Although research has demonstrated the influence of psychologica...
Cardiac Cells in Regenerative Processes in Patients with Heart Failure Due to Ischaemic Heart Disease
Aims: This study aimed to find the cardiac cells which can participate in the processes of regeneration at patients with heart failure due to ischaemic heart disease. To investigate the participation of myosin activating...