Review on Human Microbiome and their implication in Type 1 Diabetes
Journal Title: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES - Year 2018, Vol 4, Issue 10
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by progressive pancreatic beta-cell loss resulting in insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. It not only involves genetic predisposition, but the environmental factors and human microbiome also plays a major role in inducing T1D. Some viruses are diabetogenic in animals and the pathogenesis of various viruses like Enteroviruses, rubella viruses, cytomegaloviruses and Epstein-Barr viruses in the pathogenesis of human IDDM (Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) has been studied widely. It is very much true that human microbiome correlates highly with diabetes and several studies prove this correlation. A study conducted in 2012 showed that Human Enterovirus (HEV) infections rank high as an environmental risk factor for triggering T1D through observational studies in humans and experimental studies in mice. It has also been reported that HEV exposure prior to development of autoimmune insulitis, can help in preventing T1D onset. Another study proves that Enterovirus infections can serve as a major trigger for T1D in the young, as it involves the induction of islet-cell antibodies. These results have been proved by numerous epidemiological surveys and also using PCR methods and HLA-typing. Moreover, besides Enterovirus infections, several other viruses have also been proved to be associated with diabetes like Coxsackie virus and Echo virus. The pathogenesis of viral infection in inducing T1D is reported to be either directly by altering beta cell function thereby leading to the activation of apoptotic pathways or indirectly by the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, proves a study. Bacteriology of the cases of cellulitis and cutaneous abscess shows that gram-negative pathogens were not more common among diabetics than non-diabetics; however they were more likely than non-diabetics to be exposed to broad gram-negative therapy. In conclusion, genetics, diet and Diabetes always go hand in hand according to the common world. The main aim of the present review is to provide detailed description on pathogenesis and current scenario on human microbiome and their role in T1D.
Authors and Affiliations
V. Poorna Pushkala
Keywords
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- EP ID EP549396
- DOI 10.22192/ijcrms.2018.04.10.003
- Views 181
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