Роль недеревних ресурсів лісу для сталого ведення лісового господарства в Україні [Role of non-timber forest resources in sustainable forest management in Ukraine]
Journal Title: Наукові праці Лісівничої академії наук України - Year 2016, Vol 14, Issue
Abstract
Nowadays there is a critical need for recognition and social values of forests and sustainable forest management in them. Impending tendency to intensive use of forest resources, particularly timber, which exists today in Ukraine, due to the desire of forest enterprises to obtain high profits, dictated by the market. On the other hand, long reproduction cycle of wood forest resources limits the ability to use them in the future. This position requires corresponding changes in the legislative purview on forest management; improve management of forests, the creation of market infrastructure financing intended to forest sector. The results of the inventory status of wild products and medical and industrial raw materials, annual reporting data on economic use of wild plant products and medicinal plant forest enterprises; consumer and environmental value of natural plant groupings established by literary sources have become the starting materials for the studies. Significant opportunities for increased harvesting of non-timber forest resources (NSCLC) today is not fully implementing. Accordingly, it is necessary to take political decisions at local, regional and national levels to increase. Non-timber forest plant resources are very diverse in species composition and character of the use. They includes food, medicines, honey, technical and other business groups of plants and edible types of mushrooms, etc. The cost of these resources in certain categories of forests exceeds the value of the wood. But until recently, there is no information about stocks and territorial location of most types of medical-technical plants and fungi, because it is not detailed accounted under the forest inventory. A wide area of distribution of pine and birch stands in the territory of Ukraine determines the critical importance of forests as a resource base resin and wood harvesting juice. The introduction of selection in tapping trees considering the factors of plant growth and development (environmental, biometric, forestry, inventory) and their impact on resin and sap productivity is one of possible and economically viable ways for further improvement of harvesting pine resin and birch sap. 1315 medical-technical and food species of plants grows in the forests of Ukraine. Among them: herbaceous – 1025 (7.9%), bushes – 137 (10,4%), trees – 122 (9,3%), semishrubs – only 31 (2,4%). The most widely distributed plants – 575 (43,7%) in the forest-steppe grows – 265 species (20,2%), in Polesie – 164 species (12,5%) in the Crimea – 150 species (11,4%), in the desert – 100 species (7,6%) and lowest in the Carpathians and Carpathians – 61 species (4,6%) and forest areas – 54 species (4,1%). On the territory of Ukraine we could provide 645 (27,9%) grass species, 350 (15,1%) – leafs, 191 (8,3%) – flowers (inflorescence) 556 (24,0%) – the roots and rhizomes, 316 (13.7%) – fruits and seeds 43 (1,8%) – buds, 85 (3,7%) – bark, 43 (1,9%) – juice , 23 (10%) – shoots, 60 (2,6%) – the entire plant for using as medical, technical or food plants. There is a need to include an objective scorecard industrial and business enterprises of forestry the main economic indicators for areas of non-timber forest resource allocation by harvesting of non-timber forest products origin along with other types of products. Forest management and forest exploitation on the principles of sustainable development implies harmonization in the area of economic, environmental and social aspects of forest management for the conservation, sustainable use of forests, support and reproduction a wide range of natural and social functions in the long term perspective.
Authors and Affiliations
Leonid Osadchuk, Vasyl Riabchuk, Ruslan Hrechanyk
Keywords
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