Should human milk for premature children be fortified after discharge to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes?
Journal Title: Jornal de Pediatria - Year 2016, Vol 92, Issue 2
Abstract
Preterm children are at higher risk for neurodevelopmental problems.1 Exclusive breastfeeding for all children, including term infants, has been recommended for the health benefits as well as overall wellbeing.2 In addition, improved developmental outcomes have been reported in term children who are exclusively breastfed.3 In preterm children, the advantages of human milk have been well established for protection against necrotizing enterocolitis and sepsis, and trophic effects.4 However, it has been recognized that, in preterm children, human milk alone may not support optimal growth because of insufficient nutrient content.5 Preterm infants are born at a period of significant organ development and are at risk for deficiency of essential nutrients and trophic factors that promote growth and brain development, such as long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and possibly others.6 Without fortification, preterm children may have growth retardation, which has been associated with impaired neurodevelopment.7 Therefore, it has been recommended that all preterm infants with birth weight <1800g should receive fortified human milk, to add supplemental nutrient fortification, focusing on proteins and minerals, and vitamins in particular during the neonatal intensive care unit stay to assure adequate growth.8 This fortification has been provided with different commercially available components, and the quality of available products varies. Some units use a more standardized approached while others use a more individualized approach.9
Authors and Affiliations
Myriam Peralta-Carcelen
Keywords
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- EP ID EP552272
- DOI 10.1016/j.jped.2016.01.001
- Views 52
- Downloads 0
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