Should human milk for premature children be fortified after discharge to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes?
Journal Title: Jornal de Pediatria - Year 2016, Vol 92, Issue 2
Abstract
Preterm children are at higher risk for neurodevelopmental problems.1 Exclusive breastfeeding for all children, including term infants, has been recommended for the health benefits as well as overall wellbeing.2 In addition, improved developmental outcomes have been reported in term children who are exclusively breastfed.3 In preterm children, the advantages of human milk have been well established for protection against necrotizing enterocolitis and sepsis, and trophic effects.4 However, it has been recognized that, in preterm children, human milk alone may not support optimal growth because of insufficient nutrient content.5 Preterm infants are born at a period of significant organ development and are at risk for deficiency of essential nutrients and trophic factors that promote growth and brain development, such as long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and possibly others.6 Without fortification, preterm children may have growth retardation, which has been associated with impaired neurodevelopment.7 Therefore, it has been recommended that all preterm infants with birth weight <1800g should receive fortified human milk, to add supplemental nutrient fortification, focusing on proteins and minerals, and vitamins in particular during the neonatal intensive care unit stay to assure adequate growth.8 This fortification has been provided with different commercially available components, and the quality of available products varies. Some units use a more standardized approached while others use a more individualized approach.9
Authors and Affiliations
Myriam Peralta-Carcelen
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP552272
- DOI 10.1016/j.jped.2016.01.001
- Views 57
- Downloads 0
Clinical and laboratory signs associated to serious dengue disease in hospitalized children
Objective To evaluate the validity of clinical and laboratory signs to serious dengue disease in hospitalized children. Methods Retrospective cohort of children (<18 years) hospitalized with dengue diagnosis (2007–2008)...
Water and fluid intake in the prevention and treatment of functional constipation in children and adolescents: is there evidence?
Objective To study the evidence on the role of water and fluid intake in the prevention and treatment of functional intestinal constipation in children and adolescents. Source of data A search was carried out in the Med...
Serum TSH levels are associated with cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese adolescents
Objective To investigate the relationship between serum thyrotropin (TSH), insulin resistance (IR), and cardiovascular risk factors (CRF) in a sample of overweight and obese Brazilian adolescents. Methods A retrospectiv...
Role of echocardiography in reducing shock reversal time in pediatric septic shock: a randomized controlled trial
Objective To evaluate the role of echocardiography in reducing shock reversal time in pediatric septic shock. Methods A prospective study conducted in the pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary care teaching hospit...
Obesogenic environment – intervention opportunities
Objectives To evaluate environmental obesogenic-related factors, such as physical activity in neighborhoods and schools, nutritional behavior, and intervention programs. Sources Critical analysis of literature with pers...