Significance of meningococcal hyperinvasive clonal complexes and their influence on vaccines development
Journal Title: Polish Journal of Microbiology - Year 2015, Vol 64, Issue 4
Abstract
[i]Neisseria meningitidis[/i] is a commensal of human nosopharynx and humans are the only reservoir and host of this bacterium. It is also known as dangerous and devastating pathogen, which may lead to rapidly progressing septicemia or meningitis. These severe infections called invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) are one of the major public-health threat worldwide. IMD may occur sporadically, but also in outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics. Most of the IMD cases in the world are caused by isolates of genetically related groups, clonal complexes (CC), including these with special epidemiological significance called hyperinvasive clonal complexes. It is still unknown why some of them may persist for decades, whereas other are quickly replaced and disappear. As a consequence, epidemiological situation of IMD is variable worldwide and greatly depends on the emergence and widespread of clones belonging to hyperinvasive clonal complexes. Their occurrence has serious implications for health policy, requiring often mass immunization campaigns. Paradoxically, alarming situations caused by hyperinvasive CCs stimulated development and introduction of new vaccines against meningococci. Despite that unquestionable success, isolates of hyperinvasive clones constitute a permanent public health threat, because they are constantly circulating and able to modify their antigenic profiles to escape host immune response. Therefore, continuous monitoring of meningococcal isolates including thorough molecular typing is indispensable and fundamental for taking appropriate preventive measures.
Authors and Affiliations
Izabela Waśko, Waleria Hryniewicz, Anna Skoczyńska
Keywords
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