Social Exclusion and Tribal Political Association in Transition: Two Case Studies

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Social Exclusion and Tribal Political Association in Transition: Two Case Studies

Journal Title: International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention - Year 2017, Vol 6, Issue 11

Abstract

The present work is based on the two field experiences from two significant tribal hamlets, Kanksa Block of Burdwan District and Narayangarh Block of West Midnapore District in West Bengal. At the stage of transition or at the stage of integration into the mainstream society, there is a question of social inclusion or exclusion whether there is a problem of compromise or conflict between tradition and modernity in Santal and Munda societies. Mainstream democratic theorists have come to see problems of inclusion and exclusion as absolutely central to their concern - who is in and who is out? Social exclusion focuses primarily on relational issues: inadequate social participation, lack of social integration and lack of power. The question is whether they are included or excluded from the mainstream society. Are they encapsulated? The work would explore this. In Santal and Munda societies’ authority is shared. The headmen in Santal and Munda societies are partly independent and partly regulated by non-Santal and non-Munda traditions. But he, the headman plays his traditional role in the inner world of the traditional society. The headman or any official belonging to this category is the presiding authority, the first among the administrative elders. Today, the role of the traditional panchayat is on decline. The tribals are being drawn into an integrated economic programme through the Panchayati Raj system. New local leaders have emerged with the introduction of competitive elections. The introduction of election based on universal adult franchise has led to the growth of factions and parties in the villages. Though the statutory panchayats have reduced the status and authority of tribal panchayats, the tribal authority has some hold over the daily life of the tribals in several matters, particularly matters related to their inner world, though the latter sometimes is directed by the former, the latter do not want to sacrifice their tradition and the former do not make unwanted encroachment into the tribal tradition.

Authors and Affiliations

Dr. Md. Ayub Mallick

Keywords

Panchayat. Participatory Democracy. Politicization and Mobilization. Constitutional Provisions. Headman. Manjhi. Pradhan. Compromise. Conflict. Consensus.

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EP ID EP406094
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