Source and Distribution of The Heavy Metals: Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Fe, Cr, and Mn in Soils of Bauchi Metropolis, Nigeria
Journal Title: American journal of Engineering Research - Year 2018, Vol 7, Issue 2
Abstract
In this research work the level and distribution pattern of the metals: Pb, Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn, Mn, and Fe were determined in soil of Bauchi Metropolis. Samples were collected from places of high anthropogenic activity such as automobile maintenance workshop (AMW), to places of low activity; the Residential areas (RA). Collection was done from surface to subsurface portion of the soil at the depth of 0 to 15cm at the beginning of raining season in the month of May/June 2017 to late September/October of the same year. Samples were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) model AA240FS following digestion with aqua-regia. The results shows that, concentration of Pb ranged from 0.005±0.003 to 0.051±0.002 with highest level from the AMW whereas the lowest comes from the RA and it was not detected in BMP. Level of Cd ranges from 0.002±0.001 to 0.004±0.011, the highest level comes from the AMW, the lowest from the HW, it was not detected in RA and BMP. For Fe, the concentration ranged from 9.559±0.211 to 10.630±0.0231, the highest level was observed along the HW followed by the BMP, the lowest level however comes from the AMW. Cu was only observed in AMW with the level 0.007±0.021. The level of Cr ranged from 0.009±0.005 in the BMP to 0.026±0.003 along the HW. The concentration of Mn ranges from 0.477±0.0121 in the BMP to 0.980±0.121 in the RA. The concentration of Zn ranges from 0.053±0.021 in BMP and RA to 0.252±0.101 in the AMW. All measurements were in ppm. The metals were found randomly distributed within the Metropolis. Flooding coupled with gravity of the rain and the physiochemical property of the soil might have contributed to the level and distribution pattern of the metals within the Metropolis. The research also indicates that, anthropogenic activity is not the main source of the heavy metals but it is additive.
Authors and Affiliations
Garba, S. T, Abubakar, M. A
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP396425
- DOI -
- Views 50
- Downloads 0
Free Vibration Analysis Of Circular Cylindrical Shells
The purpose of the present study is to find out the natural frequencies and mode shapes of circular cylindrical shells. The circular cylindrical shell can vibrate in different modes and theoretically infinite modes are p...
Web-Based Application for the Sizing of a Photovolatic (PV) Solar Power System
The harnessing of solar energy, especially for provision of energy for residential consumption, has been on the rise in developing countries, especially Nigeria, in recent times. Due to this reason, there is the need for...
Implementation of Cmos Adder for Area & Energy Efficient Arithmetic Applications
The most fundamental arithmetic operation is addition which is used in a digital data path logic system. Arithmetic and logic units , Microprocessors ,etc. are some examples where we need to use arithmetic operations for...
Experimental investigation of the conductor temperature of the underground cable situated in sand and pipes
The aim of this study is to present a new method for the underground cable installation. In this work, we have investigated the steady state temperature field when the underground cable 12/20 (24) KV located in three mod...
Design And Analysis of A Hydraulic Biogas Digester Using Agricultural Biomass
Agricultural Biomass represents one of the most important sources of clean energy which can be used for domestic energy source, using different technologies. This can replace, partially or totally, the existing fossil fu...