Specialization in offending: A comprehensive review of criminological theories and empirical studies
Journal Title: Journal of Human Sciences - Year 2016, Vol 13, Issue 1
Abstract
Policy makers, legislators, and law enforcement practitioners generally believe that criminals do specialize in offending and they commit only one type of crime throughout their criminal career. Criminal laws, crime prevention programs, and criminal investigation techniques have been shaped by this assumption. On the other hand, a perennial debate amongst criminologists and researchers shows whether criminals have a tendency of specialization or versatility. Some theorists claim that there is one underlying reason for deviance; thus, offenders commit all available crimes. Whereas, others argue that offenders commit crimes for different reasons and needs. As a result, they have a tendency of specialization. Conversely, developmental criminologists claim both specialization and versatility. In this paper, we will start by explaining the theoretical assumptions and results of empirical studies regarding the effects of age, gender, peers, and crime types on offence specialization. Later, we will discuss the assumptions of the theories in the light of the related researches. Finally, we will present various policy and the research recommendations of this study.
Authors and Affiliations
Ahmet Eker, Ekrem Mus
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP643903
- DOI -
- Views 52
- Downloads 0
The impact of managerial communication skills on the levels of job satisfaction and job commitment
The manager-employee communication is the basis of an effective management. Communication is sort of an executive skill. In this research, the aim is to determine how this skill affects the levels of job satisfaction and...
Investigation of relationship between problematic internet use and psychological symptoms of university students<p>Üniversite öğrencilerinde problemli internet kullanımı ile psikolojik belirtiler arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi
In this study, investigation of the relationships between problematic internet use and psychological symptoms of university students were aimed. Besides, the effects of gender and level of class were investigated. The sa...
The transform of the ımage of woman to Snow White movies from Grimm Tales to millenium Cinema <p> Grimm Masallarından milenyum sinemasına Pamuk Prenses filmlerinde kadın imajının dönüşümü
The tale which is a narrative that hasn’t an author appeared as oral custom in the begining has become an important representative as an epic style in the written literatüre. The cinema which is qualified as the 7th art...
Education and space for mobile lives: A joint studio experiment in Ayvalık
While tragic news of hundreds of refugees, who are trying to reach to Europe through illegal and dangerous routes as they are running from violence of war, rose to rank high on the world agenda, Turkey experience the soc...
For the love of modernity: adventures of the novel or trails of the genre in the second half of the 19th century<p>Modernite aşkına: Türkçe romanın sergüzeşti yahut XIX. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında türün izini sürmek
During the second half of the 19th century, while the Ottoman press, publishing and literary platforms were flourishing, a need for a more “practical” language of writing arose to convey ideas, and there was a great need...