Struktura agrarna indywidualnego rolnictwa w latach 1945–2010
Journal Title: Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, Sectio I Philosophia-Sociologia - Year 2011, Vol 36, Issue 2
Abstract
The main thesis stated by the author is that the agrarian structure of Polish agriculture is a typical “long-lasting” structure according to the concept by F. Braudel. Basing upon statistical data, sociological research, and the body of literature concerning the subject the author proves that the agrarian structure with domination of small-scale farmsteads, which was formed after the peasant’s enfranchisement, has remained in its core proportions unchanged till the present days. The study is focused on two long periods in the history of Polish countryside: from the year 1864 to 1939 and from 1945 to 1990, as well as on the period of system transformation 1990–2010. Within each of the periods the author indicates different factors which caused petrification (lack of significant changes) in the agrarian structure of individual agriculture. The author also points out past and present socio-economical consequences for the agricultural system which result from providing for this more and more archaic structure: the consequences for system’s productivity and economic efficiency, peasant social class, country inhabitants and Polish society in extenso. In the first phase, during the peripheral development of capitalism on Polish territories in the period of partitions, the agrarian structure of individual agriculture with the large majority of small-scale farmsteads was formed. During the interwar period the independent Polish state failed to rebuild the agrarian structure. After the World War II, despite conducting the landowner reform, the agricultural policy refused to allow concentration of land in the private sector because of ideological and political reasons. In this period administrative enforcements and economic incentives directed at the owners of agricultural farmsteads were the leading elements of modernization of agricultural policy. This was an attempt to gain the increase of productivity in the agricultural system necessary from the perspective of food security. As a result, agricultural farmsteads became successfully modernized. However, the agrarian structure remained unaltered. Twenty-year-long transformation period with the introduction of market economy neither accelerated changes in the agrarian structure nor initiated the processes of land concentration in the individual farmsteads sector. The co-occurrence of political, economic and social factors caused the bipolar character of the development trend in Polish agriculture. On the one hand, the great majority of small and medium farmsteads do not manage to locate their production on the sales markets. On the other, as the effect of the transition of agricultural public sector, grow and prosper large farmsteads. Consequently, most of individual farmsteads become an issue of social policy, while their owners are not able either to live by their farm labour or to find a job on the demanding local markets.
Authors and Affiliations
Stanisław W. Kłopot
Keywords
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- EP ID EP71857
- DOI 10.2478/v10225-012-0015-4
- Views 76
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