Suppression of Phytopathogenic Fungi by Plant Extract of Some Weeds and the Possible Mode of Action
Journal Title: Microbiology Research Journal International - Year 2016, Vol 15, Issue 3
Abstract
Aims: The goal of this work was to emulate the antifungal properties of some newly collected weeds against important phytopathogenic fungi: Pythium ultimum, Penicillium expansum and Fusarium solani. The mode of action through which the extracts could affect the target fungi was studied. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia, between February, 2014 and May, 2015. Methodology: Ten plant species were obtained from Aseer region. The plant extract obtained by ground dry plant material to be a fine powder and shaking in chloroform, ethanol or hexane. Screening of antifungal activity of the plant extracts was carried out against the phytopathogenic fungi grown on Czapek’s agar medium using disc diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration was determined. The treated fungal samples were examined and photographed using the scanning electron microscope to define the alteration and malformation in the fungal hyphae. The chemical composition of the most active plant extracts was determined using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Results: Preliminarily test of the crude extract of the weed plants showed antifungal activity against all organisms but in various extent. The crude extract of Foeniculum vulgare showed the highest antifungal activity against the three phytopathogens. Scan electron microscopy (SEM) approved a clear morphological malformation in the hyphae and spores supported the assumption that the mechanism involved in killing the fungus includes the altering of cell membrane permeability that leads to the plasmolysis of the cells and changing their shape. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis results showed that many aliphatic and aromatic compounds were identified in the different extracts. The main observation was the number and types of the detected compounds have greatly depended on the type of the extract. We assume that many compounds in each extract act in synergetic effect to destruct the fungal cell integrity and involved in their death. Conclusion: The plant extract of Foeniculum vulgare is a promising natural product that could be applied in control of many phytopathogenic fungi as an alternative to hazard chemical fungicides.
Authors and Affiliations
Mohamed Hashem, Saad A. Alamri, Ashia A. Shathan, Sulaiman A. Alrumman, Mahmoud F. M. Moustafa
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP350895
- DOI 10.9734/BMRJ/2016/26629
- Views 70
- Downloads 0
Molecular Identification of mecA gene in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from the Hospitalized Patients in Teaching Hospitals of Ahvaz, Iran
Aims: Staphylococcus aureus is a causative agent of nosocomial infections. Methicillin is one of the most important antibiotics that is used in treatment of S. aureus infections; however, resistance to this antibiotic ha...
Study of Effect of Nutritional Factors for Optimization of Lipase Production by Lipolytic Fungi
Aims: To isolate lipase producing fungi from soil samples and study the effect of nutritional factors on lipase production by the isolated fungi. Study Design: Lipase producing fungi were isolated from oil contaminated s...
Comparative Analysis of Fatty Acid Composition in Some Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains
Aims: Comparative study of fatty acid composition of biomass in alcohol and wine S. cerevisiae strains, Champagne wine and ethanol, produced by yeast. Place and Duration of Study: The study was undertaken in the Laborat...
Potential for Biochar as an Alternate Carrier to Peat Moss for the Preparation of Rhizobia Bio Inoculum
Carrier based preparations of Rizobium inoculant, developed using two different rice biochar preparations (biochar alone and biochar- vermiculite 50:50 ) were evaluated in comparison with peatmoss based carrier (peatmo...
Evolution Profile of Escherichia coli Resistance from January 2009 – April 2013 to Antibiotics at the Yaounde University Teaching Hospital, Cameroon
Many strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli) have been proven to be pathogenic and are sometimes responsible for deadly outbreaks. This bacterium has become more resistant to antibiotics to which it is often sensitive. The...