ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ КУЛЬТУРОЛОГІЧНОГО ПІДХОДУ: ДО ПОСТАНОВКИ ПРОБЛЕМИ
Journal Title: Гуманітарний часопис - Year 2017, Vol 1, Issue 2
Abstract
Svetlana Kholodynska THEORETICAL GROUNDS FOR CULTUROLOGICAL APPROACH TO PROBLEM STATEMENT The problem set in the article is of actual importance as culturology is a new constituent part in the structure of up-to-date humanitarian knowledge which requires constant research or development of its own theoretical opportunities as well as research potential justification and prospectives for further gaining new scientific knowledge within the process of culturological analysis. Culturology should clearly and consecutively develop notionally categorical basis as up to now it has been formed by the way of borrowing from other spheres of humanities. It should be noted that the fundamentals of culturology are shaped by the history of culture, in the process of which such phenomena as ‘cognition’, ‘knowledge gaining’, ‘knowledge application’, ‘inventing’, ‘experience accumulation’, ‘transfer of skills’, ‘traditions attaching’ were aimed at the human and one’s shape and contents formation. In modern culturology ‘human –oriented’ history of Ukrainian culturology is vividly reflected which basis was laid by Hrigoriy Skovoroda (1722–1794). As a realization of this tradition, most scholars are close to personalization of the material highlighting the role of an individual and his personal contribution to the process of culture formation. The principle of personalization expects that scientists should fulfill a detailed reconstruction of an individual as an analysis object as well as factual historical period which come together with his life and creative work. Due to this the portraits of specific people, their fates, dreams, wishes, joys and sorrows, victories and failures are gradually blended with the context of general historical and cultural frames. In fact, ‘cultural space’ gains personalized creation features. Thus, within culturology such capacious phenomenon as ‘cultural creative work’ is shaped whose potential for modern humanities is progressively realized by the scholars. The author thinks that the significance of personalization phenomenon is confirmed by the fact that it is a subject of serious interest by those European scientists who are analyzing the epoch of postmodernism. The article studies the views of a well-known French philosopher and sociologist Jil Lipovetskiy. His works represent an individual of postmodernism epoch as the one who needs to live through strong emotions. But “a person’ obtains content as the process of personalization is included in value environment of postindustrial society. J. Lipovetskiy makes rather specific use of French semantic field and shows that a term «personne» has in French-speaking world the meaning of ‘nobody’ and ‘nothing’. J. Lipovetsky concludes that a modern person is personalized not just because of one’s creative potential or vivid personal goal, and not because of experiencing ‘strong emotions’, but he/ she rather pays for it with ‘isolation neurosis’ or ‘automatic conformism’. In the author’s viewpoint, due to culturology at the end of the 21st century biographical method returned into the theoretical use and was highly appreciated by Ukrainian humanitarians. It was grounded by the famous French writer and literary scholar Charles Augustin de Sainte-Beuve (1804–1869). Within theoretical context the emphasis on the culturological angle of biographical method has led to volume and fundamental interpretation of both biographical method and culturological approach potential. Charles Augustin de Sainte-Beuve paid significant attention to epistolary heritage of writers and creators. In the middle of the 19th century correspondence was an important part of people’s everyday lives and specific means of communication and information transfer. In such a way, correspondence is a powerful source which is able to personalize the history as well as execute function of human creation. Outlining the theoretical grounds for culturological approach, the author draws attention to ‘inter-science’, as such humanities as aesthetics, art history, ethics provide culturology with its humanology, its ability to promote cultural formation. The author of the study also emphasizes that for concrete definition of this process it makes sense to employ such theoretical term as ‘problem space’ in which the problem or a set of problems are concentrated. This problem should be analysed with the use of different sciences potential, in its way providing their organic as well as mechanic interaction within the logic of research process. ‘Problem space’ expresses the core and inter-science of both biographical method and personalization, as well as dynamics of new terms formation which are of necessary requirements of culturological analysis much more vividly. In the article the idea defined is confirmed by Ukrainian avant-garde movement, the peculiar episodes from its history are used as evidential material. Focused on Ukrainian avantgarde movement as ‘problem space’, the idea of new terms formation is highlighted, e.g. ‘cinema-origin imagery’. Ukrainian avant-garde movement is a powerful phenomenon of national cultural formation in the 1910-1930s which is actively investigated for the last decades. Starting from single literary and art history studies, avant-garde movement is gradually becoming the phenomenon of ‘problem space’ whose reconstruction employs representatives of most humanities. As an important problematic feature of art in general and each creative work in particular transformation of a term ‘image’ into term ‘imagery’ is considered. This allows using widely other structural indications as contents, form, style, symbol and pictorialism. To sum up, the author concludes that grounding for culturological approach specific nature is still in the process of establishment though there is some progress. Such fundamentals as inter-science, biographical method, personalization, formation of a new notionally categorical basis and transformation of existing terms within culturology gradually develop research potential of culturological analysis.
Authors and Affiliations
Світлана Холодинська
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