Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis
Journal Title: Advances in Hygiene and Experimental Medicine - Year 2009, Vol 63, Issue
Abstract
Th17 cells are a recently described subset of T helper lymphocytes characterized by the production of IL-17 (IL-17A). Since their discovery in 2003, studies on Th17 cells have become increasingly popular among immunologists and they have emerged as key players in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and other autoimmune disorders traditionally attributed to Th1 cells. Murine Th17 lymphocytes differentiate from naive CD4+ cells in a specific cytokine environment, which includes TGF- and IL-6 or IL-21, whereas human Th17 cell development requires TGF-, IL-1, and IL-2 in combination with IL-6, IL-21, or IL-23. Th17-related response is additionally enhanced by osteopontin, TNF, and PGE2 and suppressed by IL-25, IL-27, IL-35, and IL-10. Apart from their main cytokine, Th17 cells can also express IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, TNF, CCL20, and, in humans, IL-26. All of these mediators may contribute to the proinflammatory action of Th17 .cells both in the clearance of various pathogens and in autoimmunity. At least some of these functions are exerted through the induction of neutrophil-recruiting chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL8) by IL-17. Accumulating evidence from studies on mice and humans indicates an important role of Th17 cells in mediating autoimmune neuroinflammation. This has led some immunologists to question the previously exhibited importance of Th1 cells in MS pathology. However, more recent data suggest that both these T-cell subsets are capable of inducing and promoting the disease. Further investigation is required to clarify the role of Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of MS since some of the Th17-related molecules appear as attractive targets for future therapeutic strategies
Authors and Affiliations
Marek Juszczak, Andrzej Głąbiński
Roślinne i mikrobiologiczne źródła przeciwutleniaczy
W ostatnich latach systematycznie wzrasta zainteresowanie substancjami o właściwościach przeciwutleniających, które obniżają lub zapobiegają szkodliwemu wpływowi wolnych rodników na żywe tkanki, hamując m.in. proces star...
Reakcja nadwrażliwości kontaktowej Tc1 zależna, jej mechanizm i regulacja
Reakcja nadwrażliwości kontaktowej (CHS) na hapteny jest klasycznym przykładem odpowiedzi komórkowej. W fazie efektorowej CHS można wyróżnić dwa kolejno występujące po sobie etapy: fazę wczesną występującą już dwie godzi...
Metabolism glikozoaminoglikanów w przebiegu młodzieńczego idiopatycznego zapalenia stawów
Amphibian skin secretions as a new source of antibiotics and biologically active substances
So far, the main sources of biologically active substances used in medicine have been plants, molds, and propolis. The obtained compounds have either therapeutic features or require additional modification. They are some...
Possible involvement of 5-HT7 receptor in pathophysiology of affective disorders and action of antidepressant drugs
The 5-HT7 receptor has recently received considerable attention since its involvement has been implicated in cognitive disturbances, sleep and circadian rhythmicity disorders, anxiety and depression. At the cellular leve...