THE CONTRIBUTION OF SOUTHERN UKRAINIAN HISTORIANS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENCYCLOPEDIC CASE (THE SECOND HALF OF THE ХІХ AND EARLY ХХ CENTURIES)
Journal Title: Вісник Одеського національного університету. Бібліотекознавство, бібліографознавство, книгознавство - Year 2018, Vol 23, Issue 1
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to analyze the participation of southern historians in encyclopedias of the late XIX – 20s. The sources of our research are first of all the relevant publications of historians and articles about them, but other epistolary, act and memoir materials are also involved. In the available historiography there are only passing references to the corresponding direction of activity of historians, because it is traditionally considered to be derived and not very significant in their biographies, what, in our opinion, is not correct. The most extensive was the cooperation of the Odessa historians with the encyclopedic projects of the famous Metropolitan joint-stock publishing House F. A. Brockhaus and I. A. Efron. In the 1890s in the «Encyclopedic dictionary» of this publishing house large articles by three professors of the Department of General history of Novorossiysk University F. I. Uspensky, R. Yu. Whipper and E. M. Shchepkin were published. Among Odessa professors the greatest number of articles (55) in this edition, which were devoted to the development of German, Ukrainian and Russian literature belongs to Professor of the Department of history of world literature О. I. Kirpichnikov,. The article about M. M. Karamzin also covered the history of historical science. Great article about N. G. Chernyshevsky was written by L. S. Zack, who was the Crimean at that time (and before that the inhabitant of Odesa) . Professor Corporation among the Odessa authors of the encyclopedia «diluted» outstanding Jewish historian S. M. Dubnov who in 1890–1903 lived in Odesa. At the end of his Odessa period of life he published in 26 and 27 volumes two large articles about religious movements among Jews in Poland and Ukraine: hasidism and frankism. Another Jewish historian from Odessa I. G. Klausner took part in another publishing project of Brockhaus and Efron: «Jewish encyclopedia». He is the author of 9 articles on the history of Judaism in six volumes. The scientist stressed the need to publish an encyclopedia of Judaism in Hebrew. The second edition of the Brockhaus and Efron encyclopedia, the «New encyclopedic dictionary», was attended mainly by representatives of the new generation of historians. The historian of law, Professor Of the Department of history of Russian law V. V. Sokolsky published two large articles about the collection of laws of the Georgian king Vakhtang and Vyzantine law, and another Professor of the same Department O. Y. Shpakov – about the recently deceased colleague, his predecessor in this Department in 1860–1890s, the outstanding historian of law F. I. Leontovich. The teacher of the Odessa higher courses for women K. V. Florovskaya published a number of articles about medieval culture, in particular, religion. However, most of them were not signed. Many years later, she was able to recall only the authorship of the article about the Archbishop of Lyon IX century Agobard. Professor V. E. Krusman was a member of the title authors of the encyclopedia, and is the author of dozens of articles about the medieval history of Western Europe, mainly England and Germany. In «Desktop encyclopedic dictionary» of publishing Grenades the greatest extent was attended by the historian of philosophy N. N. Lange – 18 articles, especially about famous philosophers. Also S. M. Dubnov published 3 articles about the history of the Jews. Paying great attention to biographies in General encyclopedias, Odessa historians had the opportunity to take part in several purely biographical projects. In six volumes of the «Critical-biographical dictionary of Russian writers and scientists» by S. A. Vengerov, which was published in 1889–1904, 9 articles were published by Professor of the Department of history of Russian literature of Novorossiysk University V. О. Yakovlev, 2 articles by O. I. Kirpichnikov and 1 article by О. О. Andrievsky about his brother M. О. Andrievsky. Additions to the biographies of a number of persons were sent from Odessa by J. Pergament and V. V. Skidan. Except author’s articles 5 autobiographies of historians in the dictionary of S. A. Vengerov was published: D. I. Azarevich, O. F. Basener, О. О. Bashmakov, G. F. Blumenfeld and Katerinoslav from Odesa and Odesa`s О. О. Andrievsky. The most outstanding biographical publication in the Russian Empire was the “Russian biographical dictionary” edited by О. О. Polovtsov. The greatest contribution of the Crimean naval officer P. I. Belavenets – 51 article about Russian naval commanders. Among the Odessa historians there was Professor of the Department of Russian history O. I. Markevich, who published ten articles. Most of them are definitely Ukrainian: about Michael and Nicholas Khanenko, Bogdan and Yuri Khmelnitsky, P. Kalnyshevsky, G. Kvitka, M. Kostomarov. O. I. Markevich popularized this publication in the Odessa press, assessing the dictionary as «outstanding work». Much more modest was the participation in the «RBD» two other professors: V. O. Yakovlev (4 articles) and B. V. Varneke (2 articles). 5 articles of V. O. Yakovlev remained unprinted and were published only in our time in additional volumes of «RBD». Professor of the Department of history of Russian literature of Novorossiysk University S. G. Vilinsky took an active part in the Kharkiv project «People’s encyclopedia of scientific and applied knowledge». Only during 1910 23 of his articles on historical and literary topics were published here. The only known case of participation of Odessa historians in encyclopedic projects is connected with the history of Judaica in Odessa. This refers to S. M. Dubnov’s articles in «the Jewish Encyclopedia» (New York). So, in General, the provincial and therefore not so powerful potential Odessa historiography could not during the XIX – early XX century. create your own «encyclopedic movement» and took quite sporadic participation in encyclopedic projects in leading centers. The accumulated potential and experience, however, has already led to an improvement in the situation, but the brutal repression of the 1930s, which destroyed the corresponding sprouts. On the other hand, these data indicate the desire of a number of Odesa historians of different branches (of Ukrainian, Russian, historians of world history, historians of law) to overcome provincial «silt» through participation in encyclopedic projects, to the greatest extent it was possible V. E. Krusman. You can select the following types of encyclopedias, in which took part historians of Odessa: General (Brockhaus and Efron, Jewish encyclopedia in English, Russian biographical dictionary), General educational (People’s encyclopedia), and biographically-reference (Vengerov). In the array of these publications can be identified ethnic and religious-oriented and national. Biographical genre or direction of texts or projects in General prevailed. Actually, such biographical projects can be recognized as purely historiographical projects, in which Odessa historians took part. Obviously, it is of fundamental importance that some projects were not implemented and, accordingly, some texts did not affect the opinion of that time. However, the preserved manuscripts, at least partially, provided that they are published, can affect the modern process, at least in a purely historiographical field. A number of encyclopedic articles of Odessa historians went beyond the cognitive encyclopaedics and was a significant milestone in the historiographical process of its time and in the creative biographies of the authors of these articles. These articles have not lost their importance today. Thanks to S.M. Dubnov, Odessa gave a single example of cooperation between the historian and the encyclopedic project far beyond the borders of Ukraine and the Russian Empire as a whole. Comparing the Odessa situation with other University and therefore scientific, Kiev, Kharkiv, cells, we come to the conclusion about equal achievements of corporate members of historians of these cities in the encyclopedic sphere of the specified time.
Authors and Affiliations
Олександр / O. Музичко / Muzychko
Keywords
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- EP ID EP498188
- DOI 10.18524/2304-1447.2018.1(19).112926
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