The contribution of the anticholinesterase activity of <i>pedialanthus tithymaloide</i> to its molluscicidal activity
Journal Title: African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines - Year 2005, Vol 2, Issue 3
Abstract
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the molluscicidal and anticholinesterase activity of aqueous leaf and stem-bark extract of [i]Pedialanthus tithymaloide[/i] (Family- Euphorbiaceae) [i]Lymnaea[/i] (Radix) [i]acuminata[/i] (Lamarack) and [i]Indoplanorbis exustus[/i] (Deshyas) – intermediate hosts of endemic schistosomiasis and fascioliasis diseases in cattle and livestock. The toxic effect of both extracts was time- as well as dose-dependent. There was a significant negative correlation between LC values and exposure periods observed, thus the LC10 values of P. [i]tithymaloide[/i] leaf decreased from 24.7 mg/L (24 h) to 15.4 mg/L (96 h); LC50 decreased from 69.4 mg/L (24 h) to 27.4 mg/L (96 h); LC90 decreased from 194.6 mg/L (24 h) to 48.9 mg/L (96 h) against L. acuminata and LC10 values of P. [i]tithymaloide[/i] leaf decreased from 5.5 mg/L (24 h) to 0.6 mg/L (96 h); LC50 decreased from 35.8 mg/L (24 h) to 4.3 mg/L (96 h); LC90 decreased from 233.1 mg/L (24 h) to 32.1 mg/L (96 h) against Indoplanorbis exustus. Similar trend was also observed for the aqueous stem-bark extract of P. [i]tithymaloide[/i]. Sub-lethal exposure at 24h and 96h of the aqueous leaf and stem-bark extract of P. tithymaloide caused significant (P < 0.05) time- and dose-dependent inhibition of the activity of enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the nervous and hepatopancrease tissues of L. [i]acuminata[/i] after 24 h or 96 h exposure periods. Withdrawal study also shows that there was a significant recovery in the acetylcholinesterase activity in both the tissues of snail after the 7[sup]th[/sup] day of the withdrawal of treatment. Thus, the aqueous extract of P. [i]tithymaloide[/i] leaf and stem-bark are environmentally safe candidate molluscicides for controlling vector snails of schistosomiasis and fascioliasis.
Authors and Affiliations
Sudhanshu Tiwari, Sunil Singh, Ajay Singh
Keywords
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