The Diagnostic Role of Neuromuscular Ultrasound in Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy
Journal Title: Neuro – Open Journal - Year 2014, Vol 1, Issue 1
Abstract
The immune-neuropathies are a heterogenous group of peripheral nerve disorders. Their diagnostic classification is mainly based on the documentation of the distribution pattern of peripheral nerve impairment and the results of nerve conduction studies. Nerve conduction studies remain nowadays fundamental not only for the diagnosis of Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP), but also for the followup and measurement of response to immune-treatment. The challenge though of acquiring the best static and dynamic image of the relevant nerve structures, led to the development of high frequency ultrasound technology. Neuromuscular ultrasound has been able to detect thickened or swollen roots, peripheral nerves or plexus, findings that are consistent with ongoing inflammation, especially in cases of Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP). Similar findings have been described also in other immune-mediated neuropathies such as Guillain–Barré Syndrome (GBS), Multifocal Motor Neuropathy (MMN) and Multifocal Acquired Demyelinating Sensory and Motor Neuropathy (MADSAM). This review provides a timely update on the ultrasound findings of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.
Authors and Affiliations
Antonios Kerasnoudis
Acute Polyneuropathy in Children with Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia: Case Report and Systemic Review of the Literature
Acute polyneuropathy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia is extremely rare, but its onset and association with Guillain-Barré syndrome presents a diagnostic challenge. We report a 5-year-old boy who presented w...
Stroke Mimics in the Pediatric Population
Pediatric stroke is a very rare condition and it is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality. It is among the top ten causes of death in the pediatric population, and over half of stroke survivors experience long-t...
Pulvinar Complex: Relay Center or Something More?
The pulvinar is a collection of thalamic nuclei which is often considered mainly with visual processing and attention. The unique thing about this thalamic brain area is that, in phylogeny, this area is considered to be...
Positron Emission Tomography Neuro-Imaging
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a powerful imaging technique exploring in vivo brain functions. Today PET is becoming an essential tool in specialist clinical neurology settings particularly for diagnosing Alzheime...
Emerging Role of the Cerebrospinal Fluid – Neuronal Interface in Neuropathology
The choroid plexus and cerebrospinal fluid have recently begun to emerge as essential regulators of neural function. Factors produced by the choroid plexus are released into the ventricular environment and thus provide a...