The Discourse of Human Rights and the Reality of Man
Journal Title: The Journal of Human Rights - Year 2015, Vol 9, Issue 1
Abstract
"Human Rights" is the fruition of self-founded intellect of modern man as well as the result of his phenomenological view; however, the main sources of "Islam" (Qur'an and Sunnah) are product of divine revelation and a noumentalistic view to the man. The first view has close affinity with realism and is a bottom to top view, but second one has relationship with idealism and is a top to bottom view, and eventually religion seeks to realize man's transcendent reality, but human rights is after providing basic facilities necessary for human life. Due to these fundamental differences in the principles and epistemic origins (reason or revelation), goals (training or guidance), processing methods (different languages) and perspectives (status quo or ideal status), one cannot speak easily of overlapping consensus between human rights and Islam. However, is it possible to neglect inconsistency and even independence regarding the relation between human rights and religion and think about "diologue" between them? The author has given a positive answer, based on self-founded intellect and the text of the Holy Qur'an to the above-mentioned question, and is to explain his aim of this dialogue. According to this view, in their confortation and diologue, human rights and religion both open new horizons as well as interweave these horizons. To this aim, the author has inevitably considered the concepts of rationality, piety, living and acting according to Qur'an, subjective interpretation of Qur'anic texts, humanity and the relationship between the truth and the rights related to guiding. The study concludes that belief in human rights prepares us to realize the ideals of the Qur'an; the observance of these principles makes our ears better in hearing the call of guidance and causes the realization of human reality promised in the Qur'an. Qur'anic guidance may create necessary enthusiasm to support human rights and to have respect for it. چکیده "حقوق بشر" محصول عقلِ خودبنیادِ بشرِ مدرن و نتیجۀ نگاه پدیدارگرایانۀ اوست و منابع اصلیِ "دین اسلام"(کتاب و سنّت)، محصول وحی الهی و نگاه ذات‌گرایانه به انسان. اوّلی با واقعیت‌گرایی و نگاه از پائین قرابت دارد و دومی با آرمانگرایی و نگاه از بالا. و بالاخره دین به دنبال تحقّق حقیقتِ متعالی انسان است و حقوق بشر، در پی تحقق امکانات اولیه و ضروری برای بشری زیستن . با توجه به این تفاوتهای اساسی در مبانی و خاستگاه معرفتی(عقل یا وحی)، اهداف (آموزش یا هدایت)، روش پردازش (زبانهای مختلف) و چشم‌اندازها (وضع موجود یا وضع مطلوب)، به آسانی نمی‌توان از همپوشانی حقوق بشر و اسلام سخن گفت. ولی آیا می‌توان از تعارض و حتی استقلال، درگذشت و به "گفت‌وگو" میان آنها اندیشید؟ نگارنده با ابتنای بر عقل خود بنیاد و نص قرآن کریم، بدین پرسش، پاسخ مثبت داده و در این مقاله بر آنست تا منظور خویش را از این دیالوگ بگشاید. بر اساس این دید، آن دو، در مواجهه و گفت‌وگو با یکدیگر، هم افقهای تازه می گشایند و هم این افقها را درهم می تنند. بدین مقصود ناگزیر به مفاهیم عقلانیت، دینداری، مواجهۀ وجودی با قرآن، تفسیر به رای، بشربودن، و رابطۀ حقیقت و حقوق هدایت پرداخته است. این پژوهش نتیجه می گیرد که باور به حقوق بشر، ما را آماده تحقّق بخشیدن ِآرمانهای قرآنی می سازد؛ رعایت این اصول، گوشهای ما را بهتر شنوای آوای هدایت و تحقّقِ حقیقتِ انسانی معهود در قرآن می گرداند و هدایت قرآنی، می تواند شور لازم را پشتیبان رعایت حقوق بشر و احترام بدان سازد.
Authors and Affiliations
Seyyed Hassan Hosseini
Keywords
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