The Effect of Alcohol Intoxication on Mortality in Road Traffic Injury Patients at Level I Apex Trauma Centre in India
Journal Title: Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research (BJSTR) - Year 2017, Vol 1, Issue 2
Abstract
Alcohol consumption arising as leading risk factor for road traffic injuries and one of the major public health concerns globally. Alcoholism is associated with liver disease, coronary vascular disease, Hypertension, Stroke, acute pancreatitis etc. [1-4]. There has been a rapid change in recent years towards alcohol use in India and originated as one of the main contributors to health problems. Recent studies have demonstrated that drink driving is strongly associated with a higher frequency of road traffic accidents which leads to hospitalization to emergency department [5,6]. The alcohol use is increasing in urban areas, therefore, injuries related to alcohol intake and driving is also increased like road traffic accidents, fire and burns, pedestrian falls and drowning as well as intentional injuries such as violence against oneself or others. In developing countries, like India, alcohol related injuries are matter of concern due to the resource constraint setting as burden of injuries have huge impact on the overall economic growth of the country andmajor part of the GDP is lost due to road traffic injuries. According to World Health Organization (WHO) estimates, there are about 2 billion people worldwide who consume alcoholic beverages. In India estimated 137000 road traffic deaths are reported with annual increase rate of 3%. It has been estimated that one death occurs at every 3 minute, of these 78% are men mostly between the age group of 20-44 year. In resource constrained countries like India it is major economic burden to the country with an estimated loss of 3% annually. The major causes of road traffic injuries are due to increased traffic congestion on roads, poor vehicle and road maintenance, ignorance and lack of safety concerns among people and the presence of unlicensed and unskilled drivers. Another major factor which contributes is that vehicle use is growing rapidly (11%), however, progress in construction of roads is just 4%. An estimated 21% fatalities have been reported among motorized two wheeler users. It has been found that pedestrians and cyclists are the most vulnerable group of road traffic fatalities. It is assumed that alcohol consumption in the country will go up to 10% in the coming decade. The average age of alcohol consumption is now 19 years as compared to 28 years in 90s. This is due to the improved socio-economic status of middle income group alcohol consumer, liberalization from traditional norms in India. The drinking has become status symbol among the youth which is influenced by the glamorization of drinking by celebrities especially by film actors. Promotions of the liquor products due to the major competition in the market also responsible for the increase use of alcohol in the society. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the demographic profile, physiological parameters i.e. GCS, Airway, Region etc., injury severity pattern and mortality of trauma patients following alcohol consumption arriving to the emergency department, Apex Trauma Center in Delhi from September 2013 to November 2013. Materials and Methods The study population consisted of randomly selected breath alcohol positive or negative patients with significant injuries admitted to emergency department of JPNATC, New Delhi for over The study population consisted of randomly selected breath alcohol positive or negative patients with significant injuries admitted to emergency department of JPNATC, New Delhi for over a period of 3 months started from September 2013 to November 2013.A total of 338 randomly selected patients were examined in the emergency department. Of these, 182 were RTI patients with breath alcohol positive (n=89) or negative (n=93). Breathe alcohol analyzer was used for conscious patients and used passive mode for unconscious patients. The clinical assessment was conducted by the duty doctors and documented in the perform available at the department. Statistical Analysis The statistical analysis carried out by using SPSS V.23 IBM. The Chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables (Gender, Airway, Region, Admission and Disposition) and Independent- Samples T Test was performed for continues variables (Age, GCS, ISS, Ventilation days, ICU days, Hospital stay) between the two groups. Results were presented in mean + SD, median and number with percentage wherever applicable. The p value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
Authors and Affiliations
G Kaushik, A Gupta, KD Soni, S Kumar
Keywords
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- EP ID EP569163
- DOI 10.26717/BJSTR.2017.01.0002226
- Views 147
- Downloads 0
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