The Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Breast Cancer
Journal Title: International Journal of Health & Medical Research - Year 2024, Vol 3, Issue 09
Abstract
Breast cancer is one complex disease with different molecular and cellular changes. The pathophysiologic features of cancer are based on genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences; thus the disease has several subtypes that differ in behavior and response to treatment. The pathophysiology of breast cancer includes a number of factors that interplay among genetic mutations, hormonal influences, and microenvironment factors. Although these have been greatly elucidated by current research, more detailed understanding is requisite for further enhancement in the outcomes of treatment and development of individualized therapies. New technologies and methodologies are quick to surface; however, they promise better deciphering of breast cancer complexity and consequently better routes for interventions aimed at maximum efficacy. This literature review serves to synthesize the most recent findings on the pathophysiology of breast cancer in light of its complexity, identification of gaps in the current state of knowledge, and suggestions for directions future research should take.
Authors and Affiliations
Shahlaa Kh. Chabuk, Ali Kareem Hameed, Salena Abdul Abbas Naser, Ali A. Al-fahham,
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP750592
- DOI 10.58806/ijhmr.2024.v3i09n02
- Views 28
- Downloads 0
The Chemical Compositions and Antimicrobial Activity of Propolis: A Review Article
The researchers have increasingly used propolis in recent alternative medicine studies, focusing on its biochemical structure, in addition to its antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral activities. The structure of biochemi...
Correlation of Parameters of Semen Analysis in Oligospermia in Infertility
Background: Various semen parameters including morphology, vitality, motility, maturation, pH, count, agglutination and biochemical parameters altogether determine the overall quality of semen. Common factors associated...
The Relationship Between Dysmenorrhea Pain and Learning Activities in Nursing Students
Dysmenorrhea is pain felt in the lower abdomen during menstruation due to an imbalance of prostaglandin hormones.Learning activities are student activities in the learning process, both physical activities and psychologi...
Evaluation Of Primary Stability In Mono- And Bicortical Anchored Implants. A Finite Element Analysis
Objective: To analyze by means of a 3D finite element model the effect of anchoring dental implants in one or two cortical. Materials and Methods: An in vitro experimental investigation was performed using Finite Elemen...
Analysis Of Direct Medical Costs On Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Outpatient With Cardiovascular Disease
T2DM is a chronic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels due to insulin resistance or insufficient insulin production. Aim of this study was to analyze the direct medical costs of outpatient T2DM management w...