THE IDEOLOGICAL ORIENTATION OF POEMS BY TARAS SHEVCHENKO

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THE IDEOLOGICAL ORIENTATION OF POEMS BY TARAS SHEVCHENKO

Journal Title: Проблеми сучасного літературознавства - Year 2018, Vol 0, Issue 26

Abstract

There are many figures in the history of Ukraine, worthy of the holiness and love of the people, but Taras Shevchenko managed to excite and expose the fallen spirit of the Ukrainian nation to the realization of his own dignity at one time. Without the slightest exaggeration, he is — the greatness and glory of Ukraine, the holy martyr for her truth and will, for the revival of her statehood as a «free, new family». Consequently, at the present tragic and critical stage of the development of Ukrainian statehood, in conditions of bloody Russian aggression and dirty Kremlin propaganda, which by intrigue and treachery broke into our lives, the legacy of the Great Kobzar needs special attention, rethinking and perception without all those political, ideological and con «multinational layers, created for several decades by the Soviet literary critics, which, unfortunately, still possess the minds of our many compatriots. This, first of all, concerns the national-patriotic views of Taras Shevchenko, which were the most distorted, falsified. This applies to a concept such as Shevchenko’s humanism. Taras Shevchenko was not only a fundamentally new type of writer in Ukrainian literature, but also a new type of personality, a citizen in the history of Ukraine. Shevchenko’s patriotism is effective, since he paid for the most expensive — freedom, health, life. The universal concept of «freedom,» Shevchenko interpreted in accordance with his human ideals pride, courage, restraint and disobedience in the face of any despot, brought up on the basic principles of Christian ethics and morals. Therefore, for him, internal freedom — that is, freedom of thought, speech, feeling, conscience — is superior to external freedom, that is, life at will, especially if this life is associated with submissiveness, adaptability, dependence on this powerful world, on wealth, from everything that makes a person his slave. Being the spokesman for people’s views on life and work, on the relationship between people, Kobzar constantly addresses both the topic of free work. These paintings of this willful will are a sharp contrast to the cruel reality in which the peasant is a disenfranchised slave («Dream» — «On the bark of wheat sting»). And the very intonations of the Faith, Hope, Love, the wisdom of the native land, the major tone are dominant in many poetry of the artist. However, we will find in the works of Taras Shevchenko and other notes: notes of silent sorrow, soft melancholy, lyricism. Indicative in this regard is the poem «Garden Cherry Kohl Hut». This poetry, like all the immense works of Taras Shevchenko, is immortal as it reveals the problems of the great philosophical theme — «the meaning of human existence on Earth», «human happiness», whose guarantor can be only freedom and justice as the norm of social existence. Thus, the national self-respect, the national idea, the purpose of liberation from autocratic Russian tyranny and the creation of a national Ukrainian state were crystallized. What are they? The national state-building idea in the development of Taras Shevchenko is represented, firstly, by the awareness of the intellectual elite of the future nation, based on its history; second, the definition of typical, persistent features of the spiritual culture (morality, religion, language, folk ethics, etc.), inherent in the people in the form of national traditions and customs; thirdly, comparing its national community with others, which has become important means of selfdetermination. Taras Shevchenko first formally formulated in the artistic form all the principles and postulates of Ukrainian nationalism: his freedom of freedom, a comprehensive nationality, national honor and dignity, passionate patriotism, state aspirations, profound Christian religiosity, faith in his people, his future light, hope for his own strength, extraordinary tolerance to other peoples and their beliefs, solidarity with all enslaved, anti-imperial and anti-chauvinist attitudes based on a democratic, non-imperial and non-chauvinistic character ukrain nation and its historical experience. Particularly, it should be emphasized that Shevchenko’s nationalism, as nationalism of the Ukrainian people, is based on Love, and therefore he is essentially human and cordial to his own and others — to all who recognize the right of Ukrainians to free state existence. So, turning to the Poles (poem «Poles»), the poet calls them «friends», «brothers» and calls along with the Ukrainians in the name of Christ to renew our quiet paradise — Ukraine. In the views of Taras Shevchenko, the national idea is filled with universal meaning. His soul sounds like a pain for a man with a degenerate life. Every image of the poor and unlucky (from the burned orphans or the shroud to the spinned mother of Ukraine) always testifies to the blame imposed on the representatives of the authorities who incarnate evil in the social system in the imperial idea. Sin, punishment, wine, and redemption, suffering and purification are all through the moral categories of Shevchenko’s poetics, which are also closely related to the moral categories of Christianity. We, grateful to the descendants, have discovered new and new faces for a long time, since, having appeared on light, he embraced all spiritual nature with the spirit of others and existed.

Authors and Affiliations

Violetta Lavrenyuk

Keywords

national-patriotic human moral and ethical category Christianity

EP ID EP632452
DOI 10.18524/2312-6809.2018.26.129464
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