The Impact of Chronic Smoking on Blood and Hair Cadmium Levels among Saudi Citizens in Hail
Journal Title: Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences - Year 2016, Vol 4, Issue 2
Abstract
The increased incidence of idiopathic cardiovascular disorders in the modern society has highlighted on the putative role of metals deposition in human body with the development of chronic disorders in urban area. In this study was carried out to assess the influence of smoking on cadmium deposition in acute (blood) and chronic (hair) storage sites. 200 healthy Saudi citizens in Hail district, 90 nonsmokers and 110 smokers were enrolled voluntarily in this study, 400 biological samples (hair and blood) were obtained from 200 volunteer; 102 male and 98 female with age ranged between 18 and 65 years with a median of 35 years. All biological samples were analyzed for cadmium levels using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy. In results the mean H-Cd and B-Cd concentration for study population was 0.417 µg/g and 0.292 µg/L, respectively. Cadmium levels were significantly higher in males than females (P <0.05); mean H- Cd and B- Cd concentrations were 0.485 µg/g, 0.464 µg/L for male and 0.289 µg/g, 0.295 µg/L for female , respectively. An exponential increase in cadmium levels in hair and blood with smoking was demonstrated (P <0.05), additionally, a significant correlation was shown for smoking duration and levels of H-Cd and B-Cd (r= 0.289, P <0.05) (r= 0.303, P <0.05), respectively. There was a threefold increase in levels of H-Cd and B-Cd for smokers group of more than 10 years in comparison with nonsmokers group. Keywords: Cadmium, Smoking, Hail, Hair, Blood, ICP-AES.
Authors and Affiliations
Walid Abu Rayyan
Keywords
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