The Impact of Gender Inequality and Good Governance on Health Status: Evidence from Upper-middle-income Countries
Journal Title: Journal of Health Research in Community - Year 2022, Vol 8, Issue 2
Abstract
Introduction and purpose: Gender equality and good governance are the most important social indicators affecting health status and well-being. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the impact of gender inequality and good governance on health status in upper-middle-income countries. Methods: The present ecological and applied study was conducted on upper-middle-income countries using the cross-sectional data method and the Common Correlated Effect Means Group estimator by STATA software (version 16). A total of 33 upper-middle-income countries were selected non-randomly. Data for 2000-2019 were extracted from the databases of the World Bank and the United Nations. Results: The mean of life expectancy index, under-five mortality rate, gender inequality index and good governance were 71.25, 25.28, 0.42 and -1.26. The impact of gender inequality index, good governance index, health expenditures and women's participation rate on life expectancy were equal to -1.15, 0.031, 0.040 and 0.009, respectively, and impact of gender inequality index and per capita GDP on the infant mortality rate were 12.062 and -5.183, respectively. Conclusion: Gender inequality index had a negative effect and good governance, health expenditures and women's participation rate in the labor market had a positive effect on life expectancy; Gender inequality index also had a positive effect and per capita GDP had a negative effect on child mortality rate. Therefore, policies to reduce gender inequality, such as improving women's education, increasing women's participation in parliament, and increasing women's employment are proposed.
Authors and Affiliations
Mahdi Shahraki,Mojtaba Abbasian,Mehdi Safdari,
Keywords
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