THE IMPORTANCE OF THE TURKISH STRAITS AND THE REGIME OF BALANCE PROVIDED WITH THE MONTREUX CONVENTION
Journal Title: ULUSLARARASI AFRO-AVRASYA ARAŞTIRMALARI DERGİSİ - Year 2016, Vol 1, Issue 2
Abstract
Straits, which consist of the Strait of Istanbul, Sea of Marmara and the Strait of Çanakkale are one of the world's most important sea routes in the world as geopolitical and geocultural nature of a bridge. They have military, political, economic importance as well as the geopolitical and geostrategic feature that also make the Straits one of the most important waterways. Turkish Straits that separates Europe and Asia geographically, are the main entrance door of the states of the Black Sea coast, and the safety of this door is also important for the Black Sea littoral states as much as Turkey. Because of this importance of the Straits affecting world politics, it has attracted the attention of powerful states also that wanted to dominate for the Black Sea littoral states as much as Turkey. Because of this importance of the Straits affecting world politics, it has attracted the attention of powerful states also that wanted to dominate the region. The dominance of the Ottoman Empire over the Straits, beginning with the conquest of İstanbul in 1453 lasted until the first half of the nineteenth century. As a result of the 1774 Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca, the merchant shipping of foreign states obtained the right for the first time to pass through the Straits of İstanbul complying with a number of regulations. A period began with ‘’Kale-i Sultaniye (Çanakkale) Treaty" that is signed in 1809 and Straits started to be regulated by bilateral agreements. The principle of ''freedom of the sea passage through the Straits and navigation'' was adopted with the Montreux Convention in 1936. The end of the Cold War and the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991 changed also the geopolitical and geostrategic balances and due to regional changes occured, the big states including the USA's attention to the region has increased.
Authors and Affiliations
Hacer ZORLU UĞUR
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