The main forms of real-indicative dictum meaning expression

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The main forms of real-indicative dictum meaning expression

Journal Title: Scientific journal «International Journal of Philology» - Year 2014, Vol 1, Issue 206

Abstract

In the article the main forms of an expression of real-indicative meaning of a dictum are substantiated; means (actualizators) for an explicit and implicit expression of the present and past tenses in the semantic-syntactic sentence structure have been explained. It is a comprehensive study of the modus and dictum categories, that are viewed as two main levels of a sentence: 1) subjective, that reflects the speaker’s attitude to the utterance, that is the way in which he perceives, names, evaluates or qualifies a certain micro-situation, reflected by a sentence (modus level), and 2) objective, that represents actual reality (dictum level). Modus and tense are the main syntactic categories which make the sentence as one grammatical unit. One of the most important ways of formation and expression of this sense is a modus form or a tense of a verb (independent, full meaning or syntactic words) connected with a certain intonation. Morphological meaning of a tense and modus verb interplays with other syntactic means within one expressing system of syntactic meanings determined and undetermined tense (not localized). It’s a generalized action, situation which is not localized within time in the real- indicative sense of dictum. The main forms of the real-indicative sense in sentences are present and past tense forms. The process of the past conception takes place here and now, however nobody can insist that the present historical tense is used as a primary function, otherwise it needed to be accepted that there are only present and past spheres, and theoretically future tense cannot exist because it has undetermined nature. However, it was always stressed in linguistics that the future sphere really exists and is shown as forms of the real modality (indicative). This probability does not oppose the reality, and it is an obligatory part of the reality. That is why it seems to us that interpretation of the present action according to the present historical tense is shown on the macrostructure of the text as a change of speaker’s location from present to future. The primary function of the past imperfective aspect indicates that interval in which action takes place, precedes the interval with tense deixis. The duration of the interval with action (state) can be different. However, if a standpoint which determines the presence zone, is able to swerve to the endlessness and only to the real past, having always its range as a system of the language starting point. Communication context represents direct communication. And direct communication is possible between the author and the speaker\ reader, between characters, it means that communicative context does not pass the limits of one dictum. Communication between the author and the reader, between the author and the character, correlation between the reader and the character don’t take place in a communicative, but in an operational context and they present cooperation of two dictums. So, change of location and function of the present and past tenses as main expressive forms of the real-indicative sense of dictum is actually based on it. Modus and dictum are researched in the aspect of nominative derivation, that is nomination of an event, fact or situation of reality in its close relation to the process of grammatical structuring. Analysis of modus and dictum in a sentence structure from the point of view of the communicative activity of the speakers is closely connected with the theory of syntactical nomination. While elucidating the informative and referential content of a sentence, the role of subjective and pragmatic factors, related to the speaker’s personality is taken into account. The criteria of differentiating modus and dictum and their correlation in the semantic and syntactical structure of a sentence have been defined, the content of notions that are directly connected with them are verified, the hierarchy of means of modus and dictum expression in a sentence structure has been established. The correlation between lexical, morphological, syntactical means of modus and dictum meanings in a sentence structure has been substantiated, the content and scope of invariant modal meanings of reality, potentiality and irreality have been defined. Different means of modal meaning presentation (discreet and non-discreet; explicit and implicit) are differentiated and described. Two classes of predicatives have been defined and substantiated: M-predicatives. They contain interpretations of objective contents of a sentence, different evaluations of the speaker, his feelings and volition, and D-predicatives, that express objective information. Dictum predicatives present a «stretch» of extra-linguistic existence, while modus predicatives unlike D-predicatives are not independent, they function as a frame of objective information, provide information about speech situation, interpret dictum.

Authors and Affiliations

V Shynkaruk

Keywords

Modus dictum present tense past tense forms of expression real indicative meaning.

EP ID EP400608
DOI -
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