The Role of Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) in Definition of Cancer Hallmarks
Journal Title: Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research - Year 2015, Vol 6, Issue 3
Abstract
Over the past three decades, TGM2, a stress-responsive gene encoding transglutaminase 2 (TG2) has been identified as one of the several genes that may be involved in carcinogenesis and cancer physiology. TG2 is a pleiotropic calcium-dependent enzyme belonging to the transglutaminase family of enzymes, which post-translationally modify glutaminyl and lysyl side chains on the surface of both in vivo and in vitro substrate proteins. Unlike other members of the transglutaminase family, TG2 has additional Ca2+-independent enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities, which have been directly or indirectly implicated in diverse cellular physiological events, including cell growth and differentiation, cell adhesion and morphology, extracellular matrix stabilization, wound healing, cellular development, receptor-mediated endocytosis, apoptosis, and disease pathology. TG2 has specialized biochemical, structural and functional elements, wide tissue distribution and sub-cellular localisation, as well as broad substrate specificity. These specialised features of TG2 account for its multiple patho-physiological functionalities. Considering the multiplicity of TG2 functions and its importance in disease pathology, including cancer; we have reviewed herein, the importance of TG2 in the definition of the hallmark capabilities of cancer cells. This was done with the view to deepen our understanding of the role of TG2 in carcinogenesis and recapitulating its potential as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
Authors and Affiliations
Odii Benedict Onyekachi, U. Lawani Ebidor, Omabe Maxwell
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP347449
- DOI 10.9734/BJMMR/2015/13919
- Views 75
- Downloads 0
The Role of Twist1 in Stem Cell Differentiation through Mechanical Cues: A Review and Hypothesis
Due to the pivotal role of stem cell differentiation in regeneration and disease cure, the study of it has always been a research highlight during the recent years. Stress microenvironment has a great impact on cell grow...
Etiopathogenesis and Stem Cell Treatment Outcomes in Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head: A Review of 50 Cases
Background and Aim: Avascular necrosis (AVN) is a progressive condition characterized by a vascular insult to the bone, which can lead to collapse of the bone and subsequent degenerative changes. Vascular impairment that...
MicroRNA-21 as a Potential Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis: A Meta-analysis
Aims: Colorectal cancer (CRC) occupies an important position in the morbidity and mortality constitution of malignancies. In recent years, mounting literature has reported about the upregulating expression of microRNA-21...
In silico Studies on Plant Derived Rutin as Potent Agonist of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ)
Aims: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists are beneficial in the management of diabetes by increasing insulin sensitivity and inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis. The aim of the present study...
Comparison between PCR– based Single Tube Genotyping of Sickle Cell Disease and Alkaline Haemoglobin Electrophoresis
Background: Sickling test and haemoglobin solubility test are screening techniques used to detect the presence of haemoglobin S, but can't identify exact phenotype or genotype. Haemoglobin electrophoresis can determine t...