The Sovereignty of God and Sovereignty of People in Iran's Constitution
Journal Title: The Journal of Human Rights - Year 2013, Vol 7, Issue 2
Abstract
Sovereignty of God and sovereignty of people in the Constitution are not contradictory but it is a two-sided sovereignty, implemented by people through both establishing a political system and every day public life without violating the limited eternal and general religious laws. Hence, the source of popular sovereignty in the Constitution of Islamic Republic is different from the source of sovereignty in both secular and traditional theocratic political systems. In the secular system, sovereignty belongs to people and is implemented by them regardless of God's sovereignty and God's laws and in the theocratic system; God's sovereignty is realized unilaterally, regardless of people's will, by a person who is the direct deputy of God on the earth. Although legitimacy in Islamic republic has two sources, but they are so interpenetrated with each other that realization of each one relies on the other. Because of natural as well as legal god-given freedom of human beings, they can realize their sovereignty on the earth within the framework of God's general ordinances. In return, the sovereignty of God is implemented on the earth only by human being's free will. چکیده قانون اساسی جمهوری اسلامی ایران با ویژگی‌های منحصر به فرد از دیگر قوانین اساسی به خاطر ترکیب حاکمیت دوگانه خدا و مردم ممتاز است. بر این اساس، مسئله تحقیق این است که چگونه می‌توان بین حاکمیت تناقض‌نمای خدا و مردم جمع نمود. پاسخ اجمالی بر مسئله این است که با تکیه بر تعدادی از تعالیم کلامی و فقهی می‌توان مدعی شد که برخلاف ظاهر تناقض‌نمای حاکمیت همزمان خدا و مردم، حاکمیت خدا و مردم نه حاکمیتی دوگانه که حاکمیتی دو سویه است و حاکمیت مردم ذیل حاکمیت خدا قرار گرفته و با جواز قبلی از سوی او جریان می‌یابد. پژوهش حاضر در راستای تنقیح سؤال و اثبات فرضیه بعد از ارائه تعریفی درباره حاکمیت، ابتدا شواهدی از نشانه‌های حاکمیت الهی و نیز حاکمیت ملی در قانون اساسی را گوشزد خواهد کرد. در گام سوم نحوه تلفیق دو نوع حاکمیت را ترسیم خواهد نمود. پس از آن با تکیه بر تعدادی از تعالیم کلامی و فقهی شیعه ترکیب صورت گرفته توجیه خواهد شد.
Authors and Affiliations
Mahmood Shafiee
Keywords
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