Toxicological and hygienic assessment and regulation of the use of herbicides based on imidazolinone derivatives on sunflowers
Journal Title: Український журнал сучасних проблем токсикології - Year 2017, Vol 79, Issue 3
Abstract
Imazamox and imazapyr are a widely use herbicides for the control of wide range of weeds in agriculture. Imazamox and imazapyr containing formulations are recommended and used for sunflower protection. For the purposes of state registration in Ukraine during 2013–2016 year in L.I. Medved's Research center of preventive toxicology, food and chemical safety, Ministry of health, Ukraine the toxicology-hygienic assessment of imazamox and imazapyr different sources and 6 imazamox and imazapyr formulations had been studied. Also substantiation of hygienic regulation for use of imazamox and imazapyr containing formulations in agriculture for sunflower protection had been done. Scope. Toxicology-hygienic assessment of use of imazamox and imazapyr containing herbicides on sunflower, risk assessment of imazamox and imazapyr containing herbicides of impacts on agricultural workers and the population. Methods. The toxicological assessment of formulations and their active ingredients was conducted in accordance with OECD test guidelines. Field trials were conducted in two main agro-climatic zones of Ukraine (Steppe and Forest Steppe). Treatment of the crops was performed in the highest recommended norms and ratio of applications: imazamox — 39,6 g a.i./ha and imazapyr 18,0 g a.i./ha at sunflower growth stages from 12 to 18 BBCH. Residues of of imazamox and imazapyr were analyzed by HPLC method an LOQ of 0,5 mg/kg. Results. Based on acute toxicity parameters via different ways of exposure imazamox is III hazard class (moderately dangerous) pesticides, imazapyr — II hazard class (hazardous) pesticides; imazamox and imazapyr containing herbicides are III hazard class (moderately dangerous) pesticides. Studied substances are not sensitizers. Long\term effects (cancerogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic activities) are not limiting criteria in assessment of imazamox and imazapyr hazard. The obtained data of field trials showed that imazamox and imazapyr residues were not detectable in sunflower seeds at the harvest time. The degree of the occupational risk of the possible impact of imazamox and imazapyr on workers’ body via inhalation route and through skin did not exceed the allowable level. Conclusion. Imazamox and imazapyr containing formulations are III hazard class (moderately dangerous) pesticides. Use of imazamox and imazapyr containing herbicides for sunflower protection will not result in a consumer exposure exceeding the toxicological reference value and is harmless for workers when keeping to the required agricultural and hygienic standards and rules.
Authors and Affiliations
O. P. Kravchuk, P. G. Zhminko, V. I. Medvedev, A. P. Grinko, O. M. Bagatska, V. S. Mikhailov, V. G. Lyshavsky, V. N. Baran
Keywords
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