Transformation of the Dnieper Ukraine Peasants’ Attitude to the Authorities (1905 – February 1917)
Journal Title: Eminak - Year 2016, Vol 2, Issue 2
Abstract
The article analyzes the attitude of the Dnieper Ukraine peasants to the authorities and its genesis during the indicated period (1905 – February 1917). The judgment campaign, joining the non-party All-Russian Peasant Union and political parties marked the manifestations of the social and political activity of the peasants. The Manifesto on October 17, 1905 aroused hope for the democratization of the country and the possibility of improving the social situation. The suppression of the revolutionary actions and the disillusionment in the State Duma policy contributed, on the one hand, to the formation of a politically mature stratum of the peasants and, on the other hand, led to the reduction of the mass interest in political life. The First World War caused a rise in the patriotic society, that was transformed up to February 1917 into widespread discontent and revolutionary movement as a result of the worsening economic and social situation of the population and civil harassment. The attitude of the peasantry to the local and central government was not stable: opened protests took place as well as setting the hopes on convening the elected State Duma and disappointment of the peasants with the real results absence of its activity and, ultimately, the loss of interest in public policy. However, there was the undisputed gradual formation of understanding the need to unite to make real changes. Zemstva also did not enjoy peasants’ broad support. Paying tribute to the hard work of the ordinary zemstvo workers, the dissatisfaction was expressed with the actions of the provincial authorities, which used the office for their own benefit. The peasants considered zemstvo as obligation, there were occasions of refusal to taking part in the elections to it. The high prestige of the monarchy in the minds of the farmer was generally preserved and thought to be as the guarantee to the existence of the state. The criticism of the monarch policy and doubt in the need of the tsarist institution in general sometimes occurred, indicating the erosion of the monarchical views. However, belief in the «good Tsar» phenomenon remained dominant for the majority of the peasants.
Authors and Affiliations
Yulia Magas-Demydas
Keywords
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