Validation of Anti-Tuberculosis Activity and Identification of Leads in Alstonia scholaris L. (R.Br.)
Journal Title: IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS) - Year 2016, Vol 11, Issue 1
Abstract
Species identification, relative abundance, local distribution, seasonal abundance and similarity index of immature dipteran vectors were investigated from June, 2011 to May, 2012 in six water bodies located in Port Harcourt and Obio/Akpor local government areas of Rivers State. A standard dipping method described by Service, 1971, was used to sample the six aquatic habitats located in two local government areas for dipteran larvae. In summary, 400ml plastic dipper was used to collect water from randomly selected points on the river. Dipping was done in five replicates and the contents sieved in a filter net. The larvae collected were sorted according to their families; a few were selected amongst the families to be reared to adults for further identification and confirmation while others were preserved in 80% ethanol. Collection for dipteran larvae was done bi-monthly from June 2011 to May 2012 between 8am to 12 noon. The larvae and adults were identified using identification keys by Mendes (2011) and already identified and preserved insect types. A total of 1305 larvae and adult stages of Dipteran vectors consisting of 7 species were recorded in all the six sites. Of these, 28.28% were Anopheles gambiae s.l. comprising of 369 individuals , 11.03% were Musca domestica (144 individuals) , 39.54% were Culex quinquefasciatus (516 individuals), 3.45%, 3.45% were Stratiomys longicornis (Plate 14) (45 individuals), 1.99% were Ablabesmyia sp(26 individuals), while 9.04% were Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis (Plate 17) (118 individuals) and 6.67% were Chrysomya bezziana (87 individuals) respectively. The overall abundance of the Dipterans from the various study sites revealed significant differences (P<0.05) among the sites. A posteriori test showed that the abundance of Diptera obtained at Site A was significantly higher than other sites. Jaccard’s similarity index revealed similarity between all the sites studied except Site B that served as control. These findings suggest that the pollution associated with urbanization will increase vector densities in Nigerian cities and that urban vector control will become increasingly relevant in few years to come. It is noteworthy however, that poverty, deteriorating infrastructure and overcrowding are some of the factors that contribute to the development of conditions that modify vector breeding sites. As more people move into cities and industrialization proceeds, vector borne diseases will be on the increase in Nigeria.
Authors and Affiliations
Nimmi Haridas1, Sreekumar S, Biju C. K
Keywords
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