Variations in Blood Pressure and Pulse Rate in Phases of Menstrual Cycle in women with Primary Dysmenorrhea
Journal Title: IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) - Year 2019, Vol 18, Issue 4
Abstract
Introduction: Menstrual cycle include changes that occur at intervals in the uterus, ovaries, vagina during reproductive age to make procreation possible. The biological activity of the menstrual cycle is regulated by coordination between hypothalamic, pituitary and ovarian hormones. Many females suffer from dysmenorrhea, painful cramping sensation in the lower abdomen during menstruation. Reproductive hormones primarily estrogen, modulate cardiovascular function through a number of mechanisms, including induced activation of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal and sympatho-adreno-medullary systems and also through direct vasodilatory effect on the blood vessels. There appears to be a correlation between the hormonal levels in females and the ANS control of their cardiac activity. This study was designed to determine the effect of different phases of menstrual cycle on various physiological parameters like blood pressure and pulse rate in healthy premenopausal females who suffer from primary dysmenorrhea.MethodsThis cross sectional study was carried out on healthy female volunteers in the age group of 15 to 45 years. A total of 50subjects were included in the study using a predesigned proforma and by measuring physiological parameters of weight, height and BMI during the two major phases of menstrual cycle, follicular and luteal phases. The severity of dysmenorrhea was assessed by a scoring system reported by Anderch and Milsom. Blood pressure& pulse rate were measured once during the follicular phase (on average 9th day of cycle) and once during the luteal phase (on average 25th day of cycle) Results: It has been observed that sympathetic nervous activities predominate the luteal phase whereas parasympathetic activities mark the follicular phase. A significant increase occurred in pulse rate, SBP, DBP and MAP during the luteal phase as compared to the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Pulse, SBP, DBP, MAP changes that occurred during the course of menstrual cycle had a relationship with dysmenorrhea. All these parameters increased more significantly in women suffering from dysmenorrhea. Mean pulse rate calculated for the entire menstrual cycle was more in women suffering from dysmenorrhea as compared to those who did not report of any such complaint. These findings point towards sympathetic over activity in females with dysmenorrhea. Dysmenorrhea has been shown to be associated with stress directly too. Conclusion: Avoiding stress per se and learning techniques to alleviate it would be definitely of immense relevance in controlling the pain associated with monthly periods in women. Therefore, keeping our womenfolk happy and stress free may be a major step forward in reducing both prevalence and severity of dysmenorrhea.
Authors and Affiliations
Maroosha Farooq, Iram Jaan, Varun Malhotra, Yogesh Tripathi, Shivani Gupta
Keywords
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- EP ID EP574614
- DOI 10.9790/0853-1804146875.
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