Vitamin D Insufficiency in Women Inadequately Exposed to Sunlight: A Comparative Observational Study
Journal Title: Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research - Year 2017, Vol 5, Issue 12
Abstract
Introduction: Vitamin D is a catabolic product of cholesterol metabolism. Conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to active vitamin D is largely dependent upon exposure to Ultraviolet B rays coming from sunlight. The individuals not exposed to adequate sunlight are prone for developing vitamin D deficiency conquest upon inadequate conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to provitamin D3 and Active Vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency is one of the common problems in south East Asian women in child bearing age groups. This is not only detrimental for the women but also may cause intrauterine growth retardation, low birth weight and adverse pregnancy outcome. The common causes of vitamin D deficiency include increasing age, inadequate exposure to sunlight and chronic diseases. In south East Asian countries many females are not adequately exposed to sunlight moreover their nutrition also is deficient in vitamin D. We have conducted this study to know the vitamin D status of females not adequately exposed to sunlight due to reasons like housewives constantly remaining in home, dressing style, young girls using excessive sun screen and those belonging to high socioeconomic status who usually remain in air-conditioned environment mostly restricted to homes, offices or cars. Aims and Objectives: To determine the frequency of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency in women residing in twin Cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad who are not adequately exposed to sunlight. Materials and Methods: This was a case control study carried out in a tertiary care hospital situated in Hyderabad. 36 Women with no co-morbidities and having history of inadequate exposure to sunlight were enrolled in this study as cases. Control group comprised of women of similar age and physical characteristic who were determined, on the basis of detailed history, to have adequate exposure to sunlight. In both these groups detailed histories was taken with a view to exclude co-morbidities and know the status of sun exposure. Investigations like CBC, Sr Calcium and ALP were done in all the cases. The data was tabulated and analyzed using SPSS 16.0 version software. Results: The mean weight and BMI were comparable in cases and controls. The mean weight of control group was 59.38 +/- 2.72 kg while in cases group the mean weight was 64.38 +/- 3.52 kg. While mean height in control and cases group was 5.35 +/- 0.047 and 5.178 +/- 0.035 feet respectively. Serum calcium in cases and control groups was 8.869 +/- 0.126 and 8.635 +/- 0.121 while ALP was 98.30 +/- 7.97 and 104.04 +/- 4.770 respectively. Finally 25 (OH) Vit D was found to be 96.27 +/- 8.96 in control group and 73.403 +/- 4.42 in www.jmscr.igmpublication.org Impact Factor 5.84 Index Copernicus Value: 71.58 ISSN (e)-2347-176x ISSN (p) 2455-0450 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i12.124 Dr Fahad Aleem et al JMSCR Volume 05 Issue 12 December 2017 Page 32035 JMSCR Vol||05||Issue||12||Page 32034-32040||December 2017 cases group. The findings confirmed the presence of via D insufficiency in cases group i.e. women not exposed adequately to sunlight. Conclusion: Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency is a common occurrence in south East Asian women of child bearing age group. This is not only detrimental for women but also may cause an adverse pregnancy outcome. We recommend that all women should adequately be exposed to sunlight and should intentionally expose themselves to sunlight and take food rich in calcium (Fish, egg yolk, non-veg food and milk.). Vitamin D supplementation in appropriate doses should be given to women with vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency.
Authors and Affiliations
Dr. Fahad Aleem
Histological Pattern of Renal Disease in Those with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)
The prevalence of nondiabetic renal disease in those with T2DM is very common in multiple series across the world, however, data from India is limited. This study was done by including all subjects of T2DM; who underwent...
Apolipoproteins and Their Correlation with Some Early Markers of Vascular Disease in Subjects at Different Risk Categories
Objective: This study was conducted to study the correlation between plasma apolipoproteins (Apo A-1, ApoB & the ratio of ApoB to ApoA-1) and carotid intima-media thickness in subjects at different degrees of risk for ca...
Variations in Anatomy on CT in Chronic Sinusitis- A Prospective Study
This study is a prospective cross sectional, which includes 85 patients suffering from sinusitis for twelve weeks or more who have been evaluated by endoscopic nasal examination and CT scan for anatomical variations and...
MRI Evaluation of Internal Derangements of Knee Joint
Background- The knee is one of the most commonly involved joint in the external injuries. Internal derangement of knee (IDK) joint is a common cause of morbidity in the young, active individuals like athletes. The most w...
Association between Serum Sodium Level and Severity of Complications in Liver Cirrhosis
Background: Cirrhosis is the end result of chronic liver injury from a variety of causes. It is well recognized in many studies that complicated liver cirrhosis is accompanied by hyponatremia. Hyponatremia is a common ab...