WATER SALINITY IN TILIGUL LIMAN DURING THE SEASONS OF YEAR (NORTHERN COAST OF THE BLACK SEA)
Journal Title: Вісник Одеського національного університету. Географічні та геологічні науки - Year 2016, Vol 21, Issue 2
Abstract
Purpose. Northern coast of the Black Sea is classic limanic type in Geography Sciences. All of coastal limans contain important natural resources, for instance, medicine mud and condition of recreation. In the limans fishermen rises sea-food products of valuable kinds. What is why salinity limanic water diagnose is very important for analytic accomplishment in Northern coasts of the Black Sea. The aim of the article is discovering and analysis of the limanic water salinity during separate year season by example of Tiligul liman in 2015-2016. Data & Methods. According to sampling 95 water samples during the every year season (by 19 hydrology points every season) elaboration and its analysis were carried out by the field expedition methods. Elaboration was made in analytical laboratory of Geography Department of Odessa Mechnikov’s University by standard geochemical methods. This work is part of research project by program of the Education and Sciences Ministry of Ukraine. Results. The Northern Black Sea coast is classic limanic, with location typical 25 limans. One of them is Sukhoy, which completely transformed now by impact anthropogenous factor; his limanic depression as occupied sea-port Ill’ichevsk as the Small Adjalyk liman was occupied by sea-port Yuzhniy. Other limans are almost natural with very many influence of anthropogenous factor and with conservation ofmain natural features. The researching Tiligul liman located on Northern coast of the Black Sea, along border between two administrative oblasts of Ukraine (Odesskaya and Nikolaevskaya). Along this coast 25 limans located with different sizes and forms. One of biggest and deepest is Tiligul liman. Limanic water did fill up erosive depression in mouth part of Tiligul river during Holocene time. Limanic aquatory was separated from the Black Sea by sand barrier, that have Holocene age also. This barrier very wide, apрroximally up to 4 km, with many small lakes and ancient wave ridges. The Sea and the Liman united narrow canal for active water-exchange. The liman squire is 129 mln m2 and water volume have up to 693 mln m3. The long is ≈ 52 km, width is from 0,2 to 5,4 km, maximal depth is ≥ 23 m and average is 5,4 m. During autumn 2015 – autumn 2016 the water salinity of the limanic water by year seasons were from 13,2‰ to 24,0‰, in average in the Liman 22,22‰ in general. At the same period, according to climate seasons salinity water of Tiligul liman were: in 2015 autumn ΔSосн = 18,6-24,2‰ (average 22,4‰); in 2016 winter ΔSзим = 21,1-25,0‰ (average 23,7‰); in 2016 spring ΔSв = 19,9-28,0‰ (average 24,0‰); in 2016 summer ΔSл = 13,2-23,0‰ (average 20,61‰), and in 2016 autumn ΔSосн = 13,5–24,1‰ (average 20,7‰). The general water salinity distribution is depending from quantity of fresh water that directing to the liman from water-collecting basin, by water exchanges between the Sea and the Liman, from direction, velocities and duration of wind, and depth of liman. At the same time, scientific significance have vertical distribution of water temperature and salinity in Tiligul liman on maximal depth which is ≥ 23 m. During summer time, the temperature of the water top layer is up to 28-30°C in connection with bigger depth than in other shallow limans (2-3 m). On 13-20 m depth it was 17-18°C, and thermo-gradients are from 0,5°C per 1 m of depth to 1,0°C per 1 m of depth. The difference note on free water vertical exchange, though between top and bottom layers, we not observe equal meaning of temperature. Synchronically, salinity is changing also. In upper water layer we observed quantities 18,1-18,5‰, and nearest of the bottom its were 18,8-19,1‰ of salinity on depth 18-20 m. As we can see, by vertical quantity differences equal from 0,3‰ to 1,0‰. What is why specific increase of salinity per 1 m depth equal from 0,015‰ to 0,056‰ within area of maximal depths of Tiligul liman. Research discovered that the limanic salinity water is depending from modern climatic changes a little, and correlation coefficient is 0,44 and regressive equation is Т° = 0,179 t × 339,18 (t – years). Depended matherials of natural measurements are continuation of easy research during past decades from middle of XX century. Hard correlation was disclosed between dynamics of water salinity and air temperature in last of 60 year.
Authors and Affiliations
Yu. D. Shuisky, A. N. Synyuk
Keywords
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